#7: Workplace Hazards

Hearing protection devices are selected according to

- Employee comfort - level of noise exposure - noise reduction rating *NRR *of device - Type of work being performed - environmental conditions

Fit, Use, and Care of Hearing Protection Devices

- Employer must: > ensure proper initial fitting. > supervise the correct use of hearing protectors. - Hearing protectors must be replaced as necessary at no cost to employee - Hearing protection devices must be cleaned and stored according to the manufacturer's specification. - Hearing protection devices can be cleaned with soap and warm water. Make sure that they are completely dry before putting them in your ears.

Objectives of occupational health (promotion ,protection ,prevention )

- Health promotion - protection of the workers - prevention and control of hazards - rehabilitation of the disabled

Solutions for noise pollution

- Planting bushes and trees زراعة الاشجار والشجيرات - regular servicing صيانة منتظمة وضبط السيارات - buildings absorbing material - workers with equipment such as earplugs سدادات الاذن and earmuffs غطاء الأذنين - Lubrication of the machinery تزييت الالات - soundproof doors and windows - regulations to restrict the usage of play loudspeakers - factories and industries located far from the residential areas - social awareness programmes

Sources of Noise Pollution

- Transportation - construction - industrial noise - loud speakersمكبرات الصوت plumbing انابيب للمياه boilers generators AC fans vacuum cleaners ADD TO EXISTING noise pollution

"Cause specific, occurring mainly among working population, exposure at workplace is essential, notifiable and compensable" is called? نبلغ عنه ويكون قابل للتعويض -occupational dz -work-related dz

-occupational dz

"Multifactorial in origin (not only work), occurs commonly in the community, exposure at work place may be a factor, may notifiable and compensable" is called? -occupational dz -work-related dz ال occupational اكتر specific للعمل لكن ال work related مو فقط للعمل تعد multifactorial

-work-related dz

Prevention of occupational diseases may be grouped under three heads:

1- medical💉 measures 2- engineering📐 and environmental🌳 measures 3- legislations👩‍⚖️

If there is hearing loss of ___________ decibels or more in the human voice frequencies, you will be sent to the doctor or audiologist

10

Exposure to noise levels above____for even five minutes is very risky

115 dB

Noise above____dB causes pain and immediate hearing loss

140

The annual number of non-fatal work related diseases has been estimated to be __________

160 million

Annually there are _______ work-related deaths

2.2 million

Out of the global number of 2.8 million workers dying at work every year at least____children lose their lives caused by accidents every year يعني من بين ٢.٨ مليون حالة وفاة عمال بموتوا بالعمل كل سنة يوجد على الأقل ٢٢ الف طفل فقدوا حياتهم نتيجة حوادث كل سنة

22,000

World day for safety and health at work is on? اليوم العالمي للصحة والسلامة المهنية

28 April

About ________ workers are exposed to hazardous noise on the job

30 million

Work-related accidents causing injuries__________

313 million

Work-related fatal accidents__________

350,000

Sound exposure meter

40- refrigerator humming 60 - normal conversation 80 - telephone ☎️ ringing 90 - lawnmower الة جز العشب or motorcycle 🏍 110 - chainsaw منشار 140 - rock🎸 concert and jet✈️ engine at takeoff حفلة موسيقية محرك النفاث الة لدفع الطائرات

More than______working children and young workers

500 million

Hearing loss can occur when_____average noise exposure exceeds____dB

8-hour >=85

Foam Insert Earplugs: adv & disadv?

Adv: - More protection at lower frequencies than muffs. - Various NRRs available. - Inexpensive; disposable.في المتناول - Reusable plugs are available. Disadv: - Hands must be cleaned before inserting earplugs. - Improper insertion reduces NRR value.

Semi-aural caps: adv & disadv?

Adv: - Various NRRs available - Easy to insert - may be used several times - ideal for people going in and out of noisy areas Disadv: - Improper installation reduces effectiveness - more expensive than earplugs - typically have lower NRRs than plugs or muffs

Ear Muffs: Adv & Disadv?

Adv: -More protection at higher frequencies than earplugs. -Various NRRs available. -Durable متين ومتحمل , long lasting. -Can be fitted on hard hat. -Reusable Disadv: -Higher cost -Eye glasses can interfere with ear muff seal -May be uncomfortable in hot environments -Must be cleaned before use by another worker

Chemicals as dusts, gases are a form of______Hazards

Airborne

Micro biological organisms are a form of _________ biological hazards

Airborne

Radioactive particles (physical) or a form of _______ hazards

Airborne

On which year was world day against child labour and world day for safety and health at work combined?

April 28, 2018

Almost half of these fatalities occur in _________

Asian countries

What type of hazard is: bacteria? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Biological

What type of hazard is: fungus? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Biological

What type of hazard is: parasites? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Biological

What type of hazard is: virus? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Biological

What type of hazard is: Chemical compounds? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Chemical

What type of hazard is: dust (organic or inorganic)? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Chemical

What type of hazard is: gases (Asphyxiant - simple - toxic - irritant - upper - lower)? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Chemical

What type of hazard is: metals (lead mercury arsenic aluminium)? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Chemical

Noise is measured in units called?

DB decibels

The first noticeable effect of hearing loss is?

Difficulty in hearing speech هاد عادة اول تااثر ممكن ملاحظته (Its gradual) بكون slow+painless ممكن الشخص يعاني من مشكلة وهو مو حاس

Effects of severe tinnitus

Disrupt sleep Reduce concentration Cause irritability and depression الناس الي بعانوا من طنين عادة بشكوا من constant whistling /squealing/roaring/buzzing in one or bith ears صفير طنين انين طبعا الدمار او للاذية الناتجة من التعرض الازعاج تعتمد على : loudness +length of exposure

The main aim of occupational health is to?

Eliminate the hazard if not possible is to minimise the risk

The largest share of work-related fatalities is made up by_____________ & constitutes ________ deaths annually

Fatal diseases 1.7-2 mill الحصة الأكبر من الوفيات المتعلقة بالعمل هي امراض قاتلة حيث الامراض الغير قاتلة المتعلقة بالعمل تشكل 160 million

Problems related to noise pollution

High blood pressure Stress related illness Sleep disruption Hearing loss Productivity loss Memory loss Severe depression Panic attacks

How do you know if you are in high hazardous noise?

If you must raise your voice to speak with someone only 3 feet away

Normal

Is this audiogram normal or does it show a hearing loss?

Severe hearing loss

Is this audiogram normal or does it show a hearing loss?

The purpose of the NRR

Is to give an indication of the amount of noise reduction that may be expected with a specific hearing protection device

When unwanted noise gets loud enough....?

It is unpleasant It is distracting تشتيت It is tiring and stressful متعب Higher levels cause permanent hearing damage

World day against child labourعمل is on?

June 12 اليوم العالمي ضد عمل الأطفال 12/6

What type of hazard is: accidents? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Mechanical

What type of hazard is: lack of ergonomics? بيئة العمل -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Mechanical بالإضافة إلى ال accidents

What is the most common occupational hazard for American workers?

Noise induced hearing loss -slow & painless -100% preventable

Annual audiometric testing is required by ______________

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

The theme of world day for safety and health at work in 2017?

Optimise the collection and use of OSH data osh ;occupational saftey and health تحسين جمع واستخدام البيانات المتعلقة بسلامة وصحة العمل

What type of hazard is: heat and cold? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Physical

What type of hazard is: radiation? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Physical

What type of hazard is: vibration ? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Physical

What type of hazard is: Noise? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Physical noise , cold and heat , electricity, changes in pressure, radiation, vibration اهتزاز

Heat is a form of_____Hazard

Radiated emission

Ionising or non-ionising radiation is a form of_____Hazard

Radiated emission

Light is a form of_____Hazard

Radiated emission

Noise is a form of ________ hazard

Radiated emission (noise,heat,light or ionizing and non ionizing radiation )

The theme of world day for safety and health at work in 2019?

Safe and healthy future of work

The theme of world day for safety and health at work in 2018?

Safe and healthy generation

Liquid/solid form of hazards affect?

Skin or enter the body via that organ

What type of hazard is: Shiftwork? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Socio-psychological

What type of hazard is: interpersonal relation? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Socio-psychological

What type of hazard is: work hierarchy هرمية العمل ? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological

Sociopsychological

"a change in hearing threshold relative to the baseline audiogram of an average of 10 dB or more." is termed?

Standard Threshold Shift (SRS)

Airborne hazards (chemical , physical, biological) enter the body via?

The lungs

Loud noise damages or destroys_______

The nerves in the inner ear

Radiated emission الانبعاثات المشعة hazards affect the body through?

The skin or other exposed organs

Main source of noise pollution in urban areas is?

Transportation

Who concluded that there are direct links between noise and health?

USEPA United States environmental protection agency

When does sound become undesirable?

Well it disturbs يعيق the normal activities e.g. working sleeping conversations

Earmuffs

What type of hearing protection device is this? • Ear muffs • Foam insert earplugs • Semi-aural earplugs

Foam insert earplugs

What type of hearing protection device is this? • Ear muffs • Foam insert earplugs • Semi-aural earplugs

Semi-Aural Earplugs

What type of hearing protection device is this? • Ear muffs • Foam insert earplugs • Semi-aural earplugs

The theme of world day for safety and health at work in 2016? الموضوع هاد اليوم

Workplace stress

Audiometric testing is required for?

all employees exposed to 8-hour average noise levels of 85 decibels or above

Common sounds maybe louder than you think

dripping faucet حنفية بتنقط thunderclap قصف الرعد gunshot طلق ناري

global labour force by age band

highest in age group 25-34 (~920 million)

global & regional unemployment rates

highest in arab states (10.5%) in the world ~6%

occupational health definition

promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physieal, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs." (ILO WHO 1950). تعزيز والمحافظة على أعلى درجة من الرفاهية البدنية والعقلية والاجتماعية للعاملين في جميع المهن من خلال منع الخروج عن الصحة ، والسيطرة على المخاطر وتكييف العمل مع الناس ، والناس مع وظائفهم. "(منظمة العمل الدولية ، 1950) + identification and control تعريف والتحكم بعوامل الخطر الناشئة من مخاطر بيئة العمل بهدف إنشاء بيئة عمل آمنة وصحية

Permanent ringing/Whistling/squealing/roaring/buzzing in the ears is called?

tinnitus ( permanent ringing in the ear )

pls make definition appear first

xo

Types of Hearing Protection Devices

• Ear muffs • Foam insert earplugs • Semi-aural سمعية earplugs

Audiometric Testing

■ Monitors employee's hearing over time. ■ Baseline audiogram must be performed within first 6 months of work exposure ( 8 hour TWA ≥ 85 dBA). ■ Annual audiograms are required each year after baseline audiogram. ■ Employer must pay for the cost of each required audiogram