Ethics Test

Motto for Human Flourishing

"Faith, Flourishing and Finance"

want self

-occurs during the the decision making process -emotional, affective, impulsive, hot-headed

Pitfalls of conflicts of interest

1) not recognizing the conflict 2) running or hiding from conflict 3) assuming disclosure is enough 4) pretending objectivity if people can image the worst intentions, they will

Ethical Decision Making Process

1. Identify the important facts 2.Identify the ethical issue 3.Identify the stakeholders 4.Identify the possible solutions 5.Asses the solutions using ethical perspectives 6.Asses any new potential solutions 7.Act in accordance with your ethical analysis 8.Asses your actions and the outcomes

3 characteristics of being a moral person & moral manager

1. Role Modeling 2. Consistent Communication 3. Consistent Accountability

what are the three big questions?

1. What are we doing? 2. Why are we working? 3. What is it for?

script processing (internal danger)

A cognitive framework that guides thought in routine situations. Makes behavior more automatic

virtue ethics

An ethical philosophy claiming that morality's primary function is to develop virtuous character, pillow test, mirror test, newspaper test

Deontology

Approach to ethics that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to rules. Described as duty or obligation, because rules 'binds you to your duty'

System 1 thinking

Automatic, fast, little or no effort, no sense of voluntary control, the busier people are the more they rely on this thinking

Right v.s Right

Choosing between competing values

if a company invites you to lunch but this may set a poor precident, what category does this fall under?

Deontology

what ethical principle is concerned with universibility?

Deontology

what ethical theory was based on Immanuel Kant?

Deontology (universability)

Pitfalls of sacrificing personal values

Forgetting your family (your loved ones have to have a mutual understanding about the sacrifices you are willing to make to uphold values) Seeing only yourself (be willing ot work unpopular shifts so that when you cannot your colleagues will feel more compelled to pick them up)

diffusion of responsibility (bystander effect) example

Kitty Genovese was stabbed to death while people just watched and did nothing, everyone thought that someone would act

examples of skirting the rules

Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr

fraud triangle

Perceived pressure (time pressure/financial pressure), perceived opportunity(fuzzy rules lead to sketchy behavior), rationalization (barriers to our decision-making)

planning ahead of conflicts of interest

Recognize the obligations that you owe Give yourself some credit Watch out for nepotism Acknowledge trade-offs Develop a system of training and reporting

Pitfalls of whistleblowing

Signaling acceptance (not acting and deciding to do nothing is a morally significant choice that could set the wrong standard), acting without information (could lead to disastrous outcomes), communicating harshly (focusing on fixing the problem, not on being right), demonizing wrongdoers (do not overdo the punishment for wrongdoing because it prob won't help the situation)

Pitfalls to the Skirting the Rules Dilemma

Signaling disregard Leaning on loopholes Skirting the punishment Letting rules define your ethics

incrementalism

Snowball effect of unethical decision making

Secondary Embedding Mechanisms

Structures, systems and processes; physical space; organizational communications (formal and informal) that signal culture, (ex: Mendoza upgrading building to accommodate and bring people to create a culture to attract more people)

moral courage

Taking a position against something or someone even though you know the outcome may be unpopular.

Social Contract Theory

The belief that the people agree to set up rulers for certain purposes and thus have the right to resist or remove rulers who act against those purposes.

Utilitarianism

The doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority, consequentialist perspective, outcome-driven, egotism (whatever benefits you the best), rail car example (save one person & a group of ppl die or save the group and 1 person dies)

what ethics do ethical role models resonate most with?

Virtue Ethics

Three Applications of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development)

Vocation of the Business Leader Interpretive Guide to Business UN Principles for Responsible Investing

psychological cleansing

We can turn our ethics on and off (ex:Buying clothing that they know was produced with child labor)

skirting the rules

You could keep a rule for a worse outcome or bend it to achieve some good, nonviolent, rules are disobeyed at last resort

ethical fading

a form of self-deception. It occurs when we subconsciously avoid or disguise the moral implications of a decision. It allows us to behave in immoral ways while maintaining the conviction that we are good, moral people

locus of control (internal danger)

a person's tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment (a good thing)

pitfalls of standing up to power include?

acquiescing too quickly, charging the hill, assuming too much, gossiping and not protecting yourself

ethical self defense

being trustworthy does not always mean you have to be trusting

Group norms example

blood doping, baseball players using performance enhancing drugs

ethical priming

by doing the work bit by bit, it becomes easier to handle the bigger dilemmas

internal dangers

categories of reasons & rationalization -denial of responsibility - denial of injury - denial of the victim

motivated reasoning

confirmation bias, occurs when we use reasoning not to discoer whats true but to justify the conclusion we prefer, only look at evidence that supports our wants

what is the most frequently excused ethical dilemma in the business world?

conflicts of interest

what is key of a ethical role model?

consistency

Stakeholder Theory

ethical theory stating that social responsibility is paying attention to the interest of every affected stakeholder in every aspect of a firm's operation

ethical spinning

everybody's doing it, being a follower and not a leader

pitfalls of standing up to power: gossiping

get help from others in a way that doesn't create a poor work culture

strawman of ethics

good ethics entials being aware of the potential of being hurt by dishonest people

Mendoza Motto

grow the good in business

when are you more likely to act unethical?

when using the external locus of control

Embedding Mechanisms

levers by which one creates and changes organizational culture

which dilemma occurs when we don't know how much to sacrifice?

loyalty

pitfalls of standing up to power: not protecting yourself

make sure to document everything

what type of memory do we experience when the stakes are lower and we become more ethical?

moral muscle memory

external dangers

obedience to authority, role taking, diffusion of responsibility, group norms, psychological distance, societal culture

should self

occurs before the decision-making process -encompasses our ethical tendencies (deliberate, careful & rational)

recollection bias

rationalization that occurs after a decision to make it seem ok or make us feel ok about ourselves (ex: skipping exercise class and saying "its ok i skipped it was a stressful day.")

what did frankl believe was the very essence of human existence?

responsibleness

the principle of what is expressed in the golden rule?

reversibility

deontology

rights based , reversibility, justice

pitfalls of standing up to power: charging the hill

saying no immediately without thinking about the approach

Primary Embedding Mechanisms

specific leadership actions that signal organizational priorities, leader driven actions,

Role taking example

stanford prison guards who were placed in a position of power and began to behave in a way that they would not act like in their everyday lives

Logotherapy (viktor frankl)

striving to find a meaning in one's life is the primary, most powerful motivating and driving force in human beings

whistleblowing

the act of an employee exposing an employer's wrongdoing to outsiders, such as the media or government regulatory agencies

better than average effect

the tendency to rank oneself higher than most people on positive attributes

metacognition

thinking about thinking

defining moments

those decisions we make in right-vs-right dilemmas, They test our values, and shape our future behavior

Ethical Blind Spots

unconscious judgmental tendencies that can hinder the ethical decision making process or cause the decision maker to fail to recognize the ethical dimension of a choice.

personal harmony

unethical choices conflict with how you see yourself

what ethical framework is concered most with character?

virtue ethics

what ethics was based on aristotle?

virtue ethics