8th Grade US History Final
First major conflict that showed the union would not be easily won
Bull Run
landmark Supreme Court case the held that enslaved Americans were property could never be free
Dred Scott Decision
-Dedicated nurse who worked to distribute medicine, clean field hospitals, apply dressings, and serve food to wounded soldiers -later founded the Red Cross
Clara Barton/nurse
Agreement over slave states and free states that admitted California and abolished the salve trade in DC but strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law
Compromise of 1850
Name for the Southern States
Confederacy
What was the major cause of death during the civil war?
Disease killed many more men then battle did
-general for the confederate army -gains fame at Bull run when he organizes defenders against repeated assaults and stands like a stone wall -later shot by friendly. Fire and dies during war
Stonewall Jackson/southern general
According to Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address, what is being tested by the war?
The was was testing wether a democracy in which all men are created equal could endure in the Orlando.
Why was congress able to approve the 13th Amendment during the war?
With the Southern states seceded, their representatives in Congress were gone and the Republicans were able to pass legislation more easily
What are some Union Characteristics?
-larger population -more industrial -larger cities -more diverse with higher immigration -more railroads and developed transportation
What are some characteristics of the Confederacy?
-smaller population -more agricultural with large plantations and small farms -depended on foreign imports for good cities -over 3 million men, women, and children held in slavery
Civil War Timeline-what are the events of these dates? 1860 1860 1861 1861 1862 1862 1863 1863 1864 1864 1865 1865
1.Abraham Lincoln elected President 2.South Carolina secedes 3.Fort Sumter Attacked 4.First battle of Bull Run 5.Battle Antietam 6.Lincoln Issues the Emancipation Proclamation 7.Gettysburg Address 8.Ulysses S. Grant Promoted to Lieutenant General 9.Abraham Lincoln Re-elected President 10.Congress Approves the 13th Amendment 11.Surrender at Appomattox Court house 12.Lincoln Assassinated
How long did the Civil War last?
4years
A person who wanted America to end the practice of enslaving men, women, and children in the South
Abolitionist
Who issued the Emancipation Proclamation?
Abraham Lincoln
-Self taught former lawyer elected president as part of the new Republican Party in 1860 -against slavery but knows that most of the country is not ready for abolition -feels secession is not allowed by the constitution -wants to do anything he can to keep the Union together
Abraham Lincoln/President of the United States
Northern plan to crush the confederacy by surrounding it with a naval blockade to prevent any imports
Anaconda plan
Who was the American president when Texas gained their independence?
Andrew Jackson
The deadliest day in American history and strategic Union victory
Antietam
Where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union Army
Appomattox Court House
States that remained in the Union, but still enslaved men, women, and children
Border States
Lincoln's war declaration that freed slaves in rebelling states in 1862
Emancipation Proclamation
First shots of the war were fired here when Lincoln sent ships with food to feed hungry men
Fort Sumter
-convinced Lincoln to use African American soldiers during the war -supported the reconstruction of amendments -lived as an example for the potential for African Americans to counter the view of many white supremacists
Fredrick Douglass/abolitionists
Controversial laws that allowed for the capture and return of those escaping slavery within any part of the US
Fugitive Slave Law
The turning point in the war in 1863 that made it clear that the union would win
Gettysburg
Lincoln's speech in 1863 dedicating Gettysburg cemetery and stating Lincoln's war aims-most famous speech done by Lincoln
Gettysburg adress
-author of Uncle Tom's Cabin which made slavery more tangible for many Americans -Lincoln allegedly joked that she started the war
Harriet Beecher Stowe/writer
What affect might Scott's Great Snake have on the south?
It could devastate their economy and their ability to wage war since there was so little industry in th south
What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
It stated that all those held in slavery in the rebelling states are now free. Since these states were already at war with the union, it did not really free many at all. However, it gave the union a moral cause for victory.
-plantation owner and former soldier in the Mexican American war -was a US Senator from Mississippi at the start of secession -apppointred President of the new Confederate states of America
Jefferson Davis/President of Confedercay
Allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves weather or not to allow slavery within their borders
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Which States were Border States?
Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, Missouri
What are two things that were expected of these Americans who took Mexican land?
Learn Spanish, become Catholic, not bring slaves
which event was the most significant to this period? Why?
Lincoln Assassination- the war was over, but southern supporters were not ready to give up. This was the first time that a president had been assassinated in office
Why do you think it only applied to any state in rebellion?
Lincoln did not want to risk losing the Border States to the Confederacy, so made this a war measure only applying to the Confederate States.
Political doctrine that the people who lived in a region should determine for themselves the nature of their government.
Popular Sovereignty
In 1823, why did Stephen Austin lead 300 American families onto Mexican land?
Mexico wanted people to move there to keep their claim on the region
What Country was Texas originally part of?
Mexico/Spain
-was Offered command of the union army but turned it down -led the army of northern virginia needed to win despite far smaller army and less supplies
Robert E. Lee/southern general
To leave the US-11 southern states did it in 1860-1861 to form the Confederate States of America
Secede
Military campaign conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864 and led by William T. Sherman. Devastated everything in their path
Shermans March
What European power colonized this area?
Spain
What were strengths and weaknesses of the Confederacy at the start of the war?
Strengths: -brilliant generals -would fight mist of the war on their home turf -only needed to repel the North and defend as opposed to the Union needing to fight an offensive war weaknesses: -no navy -no foreign alliances or help -little industry to provide for the weapons needed for war -poor transportation systems
What were strengths and weaknesses of the Union at the start of the war?
Strengths: -larger and more well trained army -greater weapons and industrial output for bullets, rifles, cannons, ect -experienced navy weaknesses: -needed to fight an offensive war as opposed to a defensive one -morale and motivation for war was not as high as in the South fr many -did not expect the war to be so difficult
Which side suffered heavier casualties?
The North because they had larger armies. Some generals hesitated to send all of them into war while other, like Grant took mass numbers into war to overwhelm the South
What is "Scott's Great Snake?"
The blockade that the union set up to surround the south
What aspect of the south's economy would make Scott's Great Snake effective?
The south had little industry or factories to produce bullets, canons, guns, ect.
Why is Gettysburg considered the turning point of the Civil War?
This was the point that the South advanced furthest and would be the "High water mark" of the Confederacy. After this battle, it was clear that the South would lose due to the larger size of the union army
What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address?
Tp dedicate the battlefield at Gettysburg after so many men died there earlier at the battle. Lincoln also used the occasion to give a speech that gave meaning to the war. He wanted to stress that people in all states are Americans and should come together.
-only wants an unconditional surrender from the south -leads the union army -uses massive size of the union army to his advantage
Ulysses S. Grant/union general
Union victory in Mississippi that plot the Confederacy in two
Vicksburg