A & P II EXAM 3 practice questions

What do parietal cells do?

- They secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. - they contain carbonic anhydrase that converts carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid - they import chloride ions from the intestinal fluid to produce hydrochloric acid in the gastric glands - they release bicarbonate into the intestitinal fluid that then enters the bloodstream

what takes place during the absorptive state?

- estrogen promotes protein synthesis - blood glucose levels rise - insulin stimulates triglycerides - aerobic metabolism provides increased synthesis of blood lipid levels

what takes place during the postabsorptive state?

- ketone bodies may be formed - lipid mobilization occurs - gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver - glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver

which of the following is not true of lipoprotein lipase? A. decreases the breakdown of fatty acids B. increases releases of monoglycerides C. interferes with triglyceride utilization D. prolongs the circulation time of chylomicrons E. found in capillary walls

A

which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands: A. help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents B. are mostly water C. contain enzymes for the digestion of lipids D. contain enzymes for the digestion of carbs E. help control bacterial populations in the mouth

C

which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)? A. causes the gallbladder to contract and eject bile B. causes the relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter C. accelerates the production and secretion of digestive enzymes D. increases the sensation of hunger E. secreted when chyme enters the duodenum

D

describe the roles of LDLs and HDLs

LDLs deliver cholesterol to tissues and HDLs absorb unused cholesterol and return it to the liver.

What is the falciform ligament?

The remnant of the ventral mesentery between the liver and the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity

the greater omentum is

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

the movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into intestinal fluid is known as

absorption

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

body

the esophagus connects to which region of the stomach

cardia

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

chyme

describe the function of the large intestine

dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination

name the three segments of the small intestine from proximal to distal

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

when and how do ketone bodies form?

during the postabsorptive state when lipids and amino acids are broken down by the liver

bile is stored in the

gallbladder

G cells of the stomach secrete

gastin

an intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

the hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest.

glucose

Most of the absorbed nutrients enter into which blood vessel?

hepatic portal vein

_________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver

high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

describe the alkaline tide

is the sudden influx of bicarbonate ions into the blood stream

the villi are most developed in the

jejunum

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

lesser omentum

gastric pits are

openings into gastric glands

When chyme arrives in the duodenum, CCK release triggers the secretion of which enzyme?

pancreatic alpha-amylase

chief cells secrete

pepsinogen

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the _________ state

post absorptive

explain the significance of peritoneal fluid

prevents friction and irritation when digestive organs move

the enzyme pepsin digests

proteins

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

pylorus

name the lobes of the liver

right, left, caudate, quadrate

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is

secretin

what is the function of the lesser omentum?

stabilizes the position of the stomach and provides a route for structures entering or leaving the liver

chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

stomach

which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine: A. circular folds B. intestinal movements C. villi D. microvilli E. cilia

E

the _________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement

mesentery proper

what is the different between a micelle and a chylomicron?

micelles are lipid bile salt complexes, where as chylomicrons are lipoproteins

which is more efficient in propelling intestinal contents along the digest tract: Peristalsis or segmentation?

peristalsis because it involves pushing the bolus forward

in the process of digestion, most nutrient absorption takes place in

the small intestine