A & P II EXAM 3 practice questions
What do parietal cells do?
- They secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. - they contain carbonic anhydrase that converts carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid - they import chloride ions from the intestinal fluid to produce hydrochloric acid in the gastric glands - they release bicarbonate into the intestitinal fluid that then enters the bloodstream
what takes place during the absorptive state?
- estrogen promotes protein synthesis - blood glucose levels rise - insulin stimulates triglycerides - aerobic metabolism provides increased synthesis of blood lipid levels
what takes place during the postabsorptive state?
- ketone bodies may be formed - lipid mobilization occurs - gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver - glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver
which of the following is not true of lipoprotein lipase? A. decreases the breakdown of fatty acids B. increases releases of monoglycerides C. interferes with triglyceride utilization D. prolongs the circulation time of chylomicrons E. found in capillary walls
A
which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands: A. help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents B. are mostly water C. contain enzymes for the digestion of lipids D. contain enzymes for the digestion of carbs E. help control bacterial populations in the mouth
C
which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)? A. causes the gallbladder to contract and eject bile B. causes the relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter C. accelerates the production and secretion of digestive enzymes D. increases the sensation of hunger E. secreted when chyme enters the duodenum
D
describe the roles of LDLs and HDLs
LDLs deliver cholesterol to tissues and HDLs absorb unused cholesterol and return it to the liver.
What is the falciform ligament?
The remnant of the ventral mesentery between the liver and the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity
the greater omentum is
a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera
the movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into intestinal fluid is known as
absorption
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the
body
the esophagus connects to which region of the stomach
cardia
After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as
chyme
describe the function of the large intestine
dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination
name the three segments of the small intestine from proximal to distal
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
when and how do ketone bodies form?
during the postabsorptive state when lipids and amino acids are broken down by the liver
bile is stored in the
gallbladder
G cells of the stomach secrete
gastin
an intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
the hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is
gastrin
Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest.
glucose
Most of the absorbed nutrients enter into which blood vessel?
hepatic portal vein
_________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver
high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
describe the alkaline tide
is the sudden influx of bicarbonate ions into the blood stream
the villi are most developed in the
jejunum
What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?
lesser omentum
gastric pits are
openings into gastric glands
When chyme arrives in the duodenum, CCK release triggers the secretion of which enzyme?
pancreatic alpha-amylase
chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called
peristalsis
When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the _________ state
post absorptive
explain the significance of peritoneal fluid
prevents friction and irritation when digestive organs move
the enzyme pepsin digests
proteins
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the
pylorus
name the lobes of the liver
right, left, caudate, quadrate
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is
secretin
what is the function of the lesser omentum?
stabilizes the position of the stomach and provides a route for structures entering or leaving the liver
chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the
stomach
which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine: A. circular folds B. intestinal movements C. villi D. microvilli E. cilia
E
the _________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement
mesentery proper
what is the different between a micelle and a chylomicron?
micelles are lipid bile salt complexes, where as chylomicrons are lipoproteins
which is more efficient in propelling intestinal contents along the digest tract: Peristalsis or segmentation?
peristalsis because it involves pushing the bolus forward
in the process of digestion, most nutrient absorption takes place in
the small intestine