A&P Chapter 1

Studies the small intestine including its relationship to the rest of the body Anatomy or Physiology?

Anatomy

Body temperature falls below normal Part 1 - Receptors

free nerve endings in the skin detect the cold

An increase in body size is _____ and an increased specialization as related to form and function is _____

growth ; development

Anatomical directional term for "closer to the head"

Superior

Anatomical term for ankle is ___

Tarsal

Anatomical term for ankle or the root of the foot

Tarsal

____ examines the functions of various organ systems. Typically focuses on the molecural or cellular levels

Physiologists

Examines how the muscles of the small intestine proper food through the digestive tract Anatomy or Physiology?

Physiology

Control centers are generally portions of the

Spinal Cord Brain Throid Gland (endocrine)

Visualizing the body in the _____ ____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions

Anatomic position

_____ are scientists who study the structure and form of organisms

Anatomists

Anatomical term for fingers or toes

Digits

Opposite of Ventral

Dorsal

____ means back of or toward the back surface

Dorsal

Surface Anatomy

A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them

Systemic Anatomy

A study of each body system

Comparative Anatomy

An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species

Regional Anatomy

An examination of the structures in a particular region

Anatomical term for medial aspect of the forearm is _____

Antebrachial

Anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist

Antebrachial

The ___ region is composed of the upper and lower limbs

Appendicular

Simplest to most complex 2

Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Organelles Cells

Anatomical term for facial cheek

Buccal

Anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle

Crural

Urinary System

Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body

The anatomical term for forehead is ___

Frontal

The anatomical term for buttock is

Gluteal

____ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy

Gross

_____ describes an investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye

Gross anatomy

The body's abilit to maintain temperature of about 37 degrees C regardless of the outside temperature is called ___

Homeostasis

___, one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state"

Homeostasis

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the ____

Mediastinum

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a body is called ____

Metabolism

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? Organ Systems Metabolism Tissues Organization Growth and Development

Metabolism Organization Growth and Development

A ____ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves

Midsagittal

The ____ plane would divide the head into a left and right half (each containing one eye, one ear, and half of the nose and mouth)

Midsagittal

Cardiovascular System

Moces blood containing hormones, nutrients and gases

Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a ______ layer lines the internal surface for the body wall, while a _____ layer covers the external surface of organs

Parietal (inner) Visceral (outer)

Anatomical term for entire foot

Pes

Anatomical term for area posterior to the knee

Popliteal

Uterine contractions involved in labor and childbirth Negative or positive feedback regulation?

Positive feedback

When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climatic event occurs, it is best as described as _____

Postive feedback

Directional term for "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk"

Proximal

Opposite of Distal

Proximal

Which are examples of negative feedback regulation? Regulating heart rate Withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass Regulating blood pressure A baby sucking at the breast

Regulating Heart Rate Withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass Regulating blood pressure

Respitory System

Responsible for exchange of gases

Directional term for "towards the nose"

Rostral

Which term descries the relationship of the stomach to the spinal cord?

The stomach is ANTERIOR to the spinal cord

Cytology refers to _____

The study of cells and their internal structures

Anatomical term for chest

Thorax

The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which means?

To cut apart or dissect

Which plane can pass in between the chest and the abdomen?

Transverse

Anatomical term for navel

Umbilical

Directional term for "at the belly side of the human body"

Ventral

The correct anatomical term for spinal column is ____ column

Vertebral

The ____ canal contains the spinal cord

Vertebral canal

The _____ pericardium forms the heart's external surface

Visceral

The ___ covers the surfaces of most digestive organs

Visceral peritoneum

The 4 key points to homeostasis as a physiologic process

When homeostasis falls, diease or death occurs The control center is generalls the nervous system or endocrine system These processes are dynamic Negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check

The ____ plane is the vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts

Coronal

____ plane divides chest from back

Coronal

The visceral pleura ______

Covers the external surface of the lungs

Anatomical term for hip ___

Coxal

The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and ankle is ____

Crural

Opposite of Superficial

Deep

___ is the anatomic directional term that means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure"

Deep

Serous membrane - Pluera

Lungs

____ is best described as investigating the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury or that organ system

Pathophysiology

A plan that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but is either to the left or right of the midsagittal plane is termed a _____ plane

Sagittal

The ____ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis

Scientific

Endocrine System

Secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in blood

Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a ____ point

Set

_____ tends to focus on the form and structure, while ____ focuses on the mechanisms and functions of these structures

Anatomy ; Physiology

The ____ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk

Axial

Body temperature falls below normal Part 3 - Effectors

Blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver

Body temperature falls below normal Part 5 - Homeostasis

Body temperature returns to normal

Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm

Breast

Examples of positive feedback loop

Breastfeeding Childbirth Blood clotting

Anatomical term for heel

Calcaneal

Opposite of Cranial

Caudal

Simplest to most complex

Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

The correct anatomical term for head is ____

Cephalic

Body temperature falls below normal Part 4 - Stimulus

Cold temperature lower body temperature below normal

chemical level of organization is?

Composed of atoms and molecules The simplest level of organization

Serous membrane - Peritoneum

Digestive Organs

The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the feet" is ____

Inferior

Anatomical term for groin

Inguinal

Fibular refers to ____

Lateral aspect of the leg

The serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the ___

Parietal pericardium

Lymphatic System

Participates in immune response

Anatomical term for kneecap

Patella

Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called ____

Physiologists

Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called _____

Physiologists

____ study the function of body parts

Physiologists

Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors? Smooth muscles of bronchioles Brain and spinal cord Insuling screting cells of pancreas Sensory neurons or nervous system

Smooth muscles of bronchioles Insulin secreting cells of pancreas

Organs of the abdominal cavity include the ___

Stomach

Embryology

A study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

Name 3 components associated with the homeostatic system

Control Center Receptors Effectors

On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ___ region

Abdominal

Anatomical term for calf

Sural

Anatomical term for eye

Orbital

The anatomical term for the great toe is ____

Hallux

Lumbar is to lower back as manus is to ____

Hand

Serous membrane - Pericardium

Heart

Body temperature falls below normal Part 2 - Control Center

Hypothalamus of the brain sets body temperature

Anatomical term for nose

Nasal

Changes in bloody pressure when exercising Negative or positive feedback regulation?

Negative feedback

Changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2 Negative or positive feedback regulation?

Negative feedback

The anatomical term for the back of the head is ____

Occipital

In a negative feedback process, the resulting action will always be in the _____ direction of the stimulus

Opposite

The serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the ____

Parietal Pericardium

Production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair is an example of ____

Reproduction

A stimulus to the skin of the hand causes someone to withdraw their hand from the stimulus to prevent damage; this is an example of _____

Responsiveness