A&P Chapter 1
Studies the small intestine including its relationship to the rest of the body Anatomy or Physiology?
Anatomy
Body temperature falls below normal Part 1 - Receptors
free nerve endings in the skin detect the cold
An increase in body size is _____ and an increased specialization as related to form and function is _____
growth ; development
Anatomical directional term for "closer to the head"
Superior
Anatomical term for ankle is ___
Tarsal
Anatomical term for ankle or the root of the foot
Tarsal
____ examines the functions of various organ systems. Typically focuses on the molecural or cellular levels
Physiologists
Examines how the muscles of the small intestine proper food through the digestive tract Anatomy or Physiology?
Physiology
Control centers are generally portions of the
Spinal Cord Brain Throid Gland (endocrine)
Visualizing the body in the _____ ____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions
Anatomic position
_____ are scientists who study the structure and form of organisms
Anatomists
Anatomical term for fingers or toes
Digits
Opposite of Ventral
Dorsal
____ means back of or toward the back surface
Dorsal
Surface Anatomy
A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them
Systemic Anatomy
A study of each body system
Comparative Anatomy
An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species
Regional Anatomy
An examination of the structures in a particular region
Anatomical term for medial aspect of the forearm is _____
Antebrachial
Anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist
Antebrachial
The ___ region is composed of the upper and lower limbs
Appendicular
Simplest to most complex 2
Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Organelles Cells
Anatomical term for facial cheek
Buccal
Anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle
Crural
Urinary System
Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body
The anatomical term for forehead is ___
Frontal
The anatomical term for buttock is
Gluteal
____ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy
Gross
_____ describes an investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye
Gross anatomy
The body's abilit to maintain temperature of about 37 degrees C regardless of the outside temperature is called ___
Homeostasis
___, one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state"
Homeostasis
The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the ____
Mediastinum
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a body is called ____
Metabolism
Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? Organ Systems Metabolism Tissues Organization Growth and Development
Metabolism Organization Growth and Development
A ____ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves
Midsagittal
The ____ plane would divide the head into a left and right half (each containing one eye, one ear, and half of the nose and mouth)
Midsagittal
Cardiovascular System
Moces blood containing hormones, nutrients and gases
Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a ______ layer lines the internal surface for the body wall, while a _____ layer covers the external surface of organs
Parietal (inner) Visceral (outer)
Anatomical term for entire foot
Pes
Anatomical term for area posterior to the knee
Popliteal
Uterine contractions involved in labor and childbirth Negative or positive feedback regulation?
Positive feedback
When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climatic event occurs, it is best as described as _____
Postive feedback
Directional term for "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk"
Proximal
Opposite of Distal
Proximal
Which are examples of negative feedback regulation? Regulating heart rate Withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass Regulating blood pressure A baby sucking at the breast
Regulating Heart Rate Withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass Regulating blood pressure
Respitory System
Responsible for exchange of gases
Directional term for "towards the nose"
Rostral
Which term descries the relationship of the stomach to the spinal cord?
The stomach is ANTERIOR to the spinal cord
Cytology refers to _____
The study of cells and their internal structures
Anatomical term for chest
Thorax
The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which means?
To cut apart or dissect
Which plane can pass in between the chest and the abdomen?
Transverse
Anatomical term for navel
Umbilical
Directional term for "at the belly side of the human body"
Ventral
The correct anatomical term for spinal column is ____ column
Vertebral
The ____ canal contains the spinal cord
Vertebral canal
The _____ pericardium forms the heart's external surface
Visceral
The ___ covers the surfaces of most digestive organs
Visceral peritoneum
The 4 key points to homeostasis as a physiologic process
When homeostasis falls, diease or death occurs The control center is generalls the nervous system or endocrine system These processes are dynamic Negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check
The ____ plane is the vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts
Coronal
____ plane divides chest from back
Coronal
The visceral pleura ______
Covers the external surface of the lungs
Anatomical term for hip ___
Coxal
The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and ankle is ____
Crural
Opposite of Superficial
Deep
___ is the anatomic directional term that means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure"
Deep
Serous membrane - Pluera
Lungs
____ is best described as investigating the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury or that organ system
Pathophysiology
A plan that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but is either to the left or right of the midsagittal plane is termed a _____ plane
Sagittal
The ____ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis
Scientific
Endocrine System
Secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in blood
Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a ____ point
Set
_____ tends to focus on the form and structure, while ____ focuses on the mechanisms and functions of these structures
Anatomy ; Physiology
The ____ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk
Axial
Body temperature falls below normal Part 3 - Effectors
Blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver
Body temperature falls below normal Part 5 - Homeostasis
Body temperature returns to normal
Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm
Breast
Examples of positive feedback loop
Breastfeeding Childbirth Blood clotting
Anatomical term for heel
Calcaneal
Opposite of Cranial
Caudal
Simplest to most complex
Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism
The correct anatomical term for head is ____
Cephalic
Body temperature falls below normal Part 4 - Stimulus
Cold temperature lower body temperature below normal
chemical level of organization is?
Composed of atoms and molecules The simplest level of organization
Serous membrane - Peritoneum
Digestive Organs
The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the feet" is ____
Inferior
Anatomical term for groin
Inguinal
Fibular refers to ____
Lateral aspect of the leg
The serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the ___
Parietal pericardium
Lymphatic System
Participates in immune response
Anatomical term for kneecap
Patella
Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called ____
Physiologists
Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called _____
Physiologists
____ study the function of body parts
Physiologists
Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors? Smooth muscles of bronchioles Brain and spinal cord Insuling screting cells of pancreas Sensory neurons or nervous system
Smooth muscles of bronchioles Insulin secreting cells of pancreas
Organs of the abdominal cavity include the ___
Stomach
Embryology
A study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth
Name 3 components associated with the homeostatic system
Control Center Receptors Effectors
On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ___ region
Abdominal
Anatomical term for calf
Sural
Anatomical term for eye
Orbital
The anatomical term for the great toe is ____
Hallux
Lumbar is to lower back as manus is to ____
Hand
Serous membrane - Pericardium
Heart
Body temperature falls below normal Part 2 - Control Center
Hypothalamus of the brain sets body temperature
Anatomical term for nose
Nasal
Changes in bloody pressure when exercising Negative or positive feedback regulation?
Negative feedback
Changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2 Negative or positive feedback regulation?
Negative feedback
The anatomical term for the back of the head is ____
Occipital
In a negative feedback process, the resulting action will always be in the _____ direction of the stimulus
Opposite
The serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the ____
Parietal Pericardium
Production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair is an example of ____
Reproduction
A stimulus to the skin of the hand causes someone to withdraw their hand from the stimulus to prevent damage; this is an example of _____
Responsiveness
