A&P2 E4

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is _____

LH

If the pars intermedia of the pituitary is destroyed, the pituitary would no longer be able to secrete _____

MSH

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is ____

MSH.

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is called

The cortex

Define endocrine system

The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines.

What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

The function of lymphatic vessels is to transport lymph from peripheral tissues to the venous system.

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they: A) have no basement membrane. B) are larger in diameter. C) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles. D) are smaller in diameter. E) are frequently irregular in shape.

D) are smaller in diameter. (FALSE - They aren't)

Lymphedema is the accumulation of interstitial fluids that results from _____

blocked lymphatic drainage

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is FALSE? A) It has target cells that are mainly in distant tissues. B) It affects only cells with appropriate receptors. C) It releases secretions directly into body fluids. D) It is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. E) It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

E) It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream. (FALSE)

A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms EXCEPT: A) hyperglycemia. B) excessive thirst. C) glucosuria. D) polyuria. E) hypoglycemia.

E) hypoglycemia. (NOT a symptom of untreated diabetes)

The ovaries secrete estrogen when stimulated by _____

FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is _____

FSH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is ______

Growth hormone

Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with _____

blood vessels

Peptide hormones are

composed of amino acids.

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

The primary function of ADH is to ______

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

The lymphocytes are most important in _____

fighting infection

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is _____

Insulin

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release these 4 hormones:

-FSH -TSH -LH -GH

What are 4 known effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

-increased oxygen consumption -increased heart rate -increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation -increased body temperature

What are 4 things Lymph nodes do?

-produce antibodies. -monitor the contents of lymph. -remove debris and pathogens from the lymph. -detect pathogens.

What are 3 things that growth hormone does?

-promote bone growth. -promote muscle growth. -promote amino acid uptake by cells.

What 4 organs contain target cells for oxytocin?

-prostate -ductus deferens -mammary glands -uterus

4 targets for insulin are:

-skeletal muscle. -adipocytes. -liver cells. -cardiac and smooth muscle

The three phases of the general adaptation syndrome in sequence are _____

1) alarm 2) resistance 3) exhaustion.

What are the 4 places Lymphocyte production occurs?

1) bone marrow. 2) thymus tissue. 3) peripheral lymphoid tissues. 4) the spleen.

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of _____

ADH

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is _____

ADH

The cells responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are the _____

B cells

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce _____

Calcitonin (CT)

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting _____

glucagon

When blood glucose levels fall.....

glucagon is released

Cushing's disease results from an excess of _____

glucocorticoids

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the _____

hypothalamus

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is only secreted by the human pars intermedia

in very young children.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is _____

insulin

When blood glucose levels rise....

insulin is released

Lymph derived from _____

interstitial fluid

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the _____

isthmus

Lymphatic capillaries have _____ diameters than blood capillaries

larger

Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?

loss of ADH secretion

What might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus.

median eminence

The hypophyseal portal system has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins, carries ________ to the anterior lobe of the pituitary and carries _________.

neurosecretions ADH and oxytocin

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is _____

oxytocin

The Pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP cells) of the pancreatic islets produce _____

pancreatic polypeptide.

What tissues are involved in lymphopoiesis?

thymus, bone marrow, and peripheral lymphoid tissues

T is to ________ as B is to ________.

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the _____

thymus.

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is _____

thyroxine

Lymphatic capillaries have little or no _____

basement membrane

All of the following are true of the thymus gland EXCEPT that it A) activates B cells. B) reaches its greatest relative size before puberty. C) involutes after puberty. D) produces T cells. E) lies in the anterior mediastinum.

A) activates B cells. (FALSE)

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is _____

ACTH

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

PTH

________ are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

Peyer's patches

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is _____

TSH

Describe red pulp and white pulp found in the spleen.

Red pulp contains large numbers of red blood cells; white pulp resembles lymphoid nodules and contains lymphocytes.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adenohypophysis.

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of _____

aldosterone.

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called _____

antagonists

Where is the thymus located?

anterior mediastinum, posterior to the sternum

A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n)

antigen.

TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones.

both production and release

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is _____

calcitonin

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces _____

digestive enzymes

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.

endocrine; nervous

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is _____

epinephrine

Which hormone increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

epinephrine

What hormone increases production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is _____

parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is produced by the _____

pineal gland

The term used to describe excess production of urine is _____

polyuria

The ______ secretes ADH.

posterior pituitary gland

PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.

prolactin; corticotropin

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

resistance

Name the two large lymphatic vessels into which the lymphatic trunks empty

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the

spleen

Two hormones that have additive effects are called

synergists

The testes produce _____

testosterone

Leslie has a bad sore throat, and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that

the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following: (4 things)

the appendix. the spleen. red bone marrow. lymph.

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that increases ______

the level of calcium ions in the blood.

Lymphatic vessels have _____ to direct fluid flow.

valves

The structure that prevents the backflow of lymph in some lymphatic vessels are ______

valves