A&P2 E4
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is _____
LH
If the pars intermedia of the pituitary is destroyed, the pituitary would no longer be able to secrete _____
MSH
The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is ____
MSH.
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is called
The cortex
Define endocrine system
The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines.
What is the function of lymphatic vessels?
The function of lymphatic vessels is to transport lymph from peripheral tissues to the venous system.
Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they: A) have no basement membrane. B) are larger in diameter. C) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles. D) are smaller in diameter. E) are frequently irregular in shape.
D) are smaller in diameter. (FALSE - They aren't)
Lymphedema is the accumulation of interstitial fluids that results from _____
blocked lymphatic drainage
Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is FALSE? A) It has target cells that are mainly in distant tissues. B) It affects only cells with appropriate receptors. C) It releases secretions directly into body fluids. D) It is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. E) It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.
E) It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream. (FALSE)
A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms EXCEPT: A) hyperglycemia. B) excessive thirst. C) glucosuria. D) polyuria. E) hypoglycemia.
E) hypoglycemia. (NOT a symptom of untreated diabetes)
The ovaries secrete estrogen when stimulated by _____
FSH
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is _____
FSH
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is ______
Growth hormone
Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with _____
blood vessels
Peptide hormones are
composed of amino acids.
________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
Hormones
The primary function of ADH is to ______
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys
The lymphocytes are most important in _____
fighting infection
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is _____
Insulin
Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release these 4 hormones:
-FSH -TSH -LH -GH
What are 4 known effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?
-increased oxygen consumption -increased heart rate -increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation -increased body temperature
What are 4 things Lymph nodes do?
-produce antibodies. -monitor the contents of lymph. -remove debris and pathogens from the lymph. -detect pathogens.
What are 3 things that growth hormone does?
-promote bone growth. -promote muscle growth. -promote amino acid uptake by cells.
What 4 organs contain target cells for oxytocin?
-prostate -ductus deferens -mammary glands -uterus
4 targets for insulin are:
-skeletal muscle. -adipocytes. -liver cells. -cardiac and smooth muscle
The three phases of the general adaptation syndrome in sequence are _____
1) alarm 2) resistance 3) exhaustion.
What are the 4 places Lymphocyte production occurs?
1) bone marrow. 2) thymus tissue. 3) peripheral lymphoid tissues. 4) the spleen.
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of _____
ADH
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is _____
ADH
The cells responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are the _____
B cells
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce _____
Calcitonin (CT)
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting _____
glucagon
When blood glucose levels fall.....
glucagon is released
Cushing's disease results from an excess of _____
glucocorticoids
The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the _____
hypothalamus
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is only secreted by the human pars intermedia
in very young children.
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is _____
insulin
When blood glucose levels rise....
insulin is released
Lymph derived from _____
interstitial fluid
The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the _____
isthmus
Lymphatic capillaries have _____ diameters than blood capillaries
larger
Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?
loss of ADH secretion
What might occur in an overdose of insulin?
low blood glucose
Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus.
median eminence
The hypophyseal portal system has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins, carries ________ to the anterior lobe of the pituitary and carries _________.
neurosecretions ADH and oxytocin
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is _____
oxytocin
The Pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP cells) of the pancreatic islets produce _____
pancreatic polypeptide.
What tissues are involved in lymphopoiesis?
thymus, bone marrow, and peripheral lymphoid tissues
T is to ________ as B is to ________.
thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived
Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the _____
thymus.
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is _____
thyroxine
Lymphatic capillaries have little or no _____
basement membrane
All of the following are true of the thymus gland EXCEPT that it A) activates B cells. B) reaches its greatest relative size before puberty. C) involutes after puberty. D) produces T cells. E) lies in the anterior mediastinum.
A) activates B cells. (FALSE)
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is _____
ACTH
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.
PTH
________ are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.
Peyer's patches
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is _____
TSH
Describe red pulp and white pulp found in the spleen.
Red pulp contains large numbers of red blood cells; white pulp resembles lymphoid nodules and contains lymphocytes.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
adenohypophysis.
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of _____
aldosterone.
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called _____
antagonists
Where is the thymus located?
anterior mediastinum, posterior to the sternum
A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n)
antigen.
TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones.
both production and release
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is _____
calcitonin
The primary function of the lymphatic system is
defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats
The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces _____
digestive enzymes
The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.
endocrine; nervous
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is _____
epinephrine
Which hormone increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
epinephrine
What hormone increases production of red blood cells?
erythropoietin
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is _____
parathyroid hormone
Melatonin is produced by the _____
pineal gland
The term used to describe excess production of urine is _____
polyuria
The ______ secretes ADH.
posterior pituitary gland
PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.
prolactin; corticotropin
If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
resistance
Name the two large lymphatic vessels into which the lymphatic trunks empty
right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.
The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the
spleen
Two hormones that have additive effects are called
synergists
The testes produce _____
testosterone
Leslie has a bad sore throat, and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that
the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following: (4 things)
the appendix. the spleen. red bone marrow. lymph.
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that increases ______
the level of calcium ions in the blood.
Lymphatic vessels have _____ to direct fluid flow.
valves
The structure that prevents the backflow of lymph in some lymphatic vessels are ______
valves