Abdomen Review Ch 10-12
Which of the following is not a sonographic findings consistent with Crohn's disease? Bowel wall thickening Noncompressible bowel that has a target appearance Increase peristalsis Hyperemic wall
Increase peristalsis
In a transverse image of the right lobe of the thyroid gland, what is the most lateral structure typically demonstrated? Internal jugular vein Esophagus Carotid artery Longus coli muscle
Internal jugular vein
Which of the following is the development of small outpouching within the sigmoid colon? Diverticulitis Crohns disease Diverticulosis Midgut malrotation
Diverticulosis
Which of the following types of obstruction refers to the power of being physically blocked by something? Mechanical Non-mechanical Obstreperous Bezoarine
Mechanical
Which of the following is included in the clinical findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis? Hematuria Migraine medicine use Diabetes Diarrhea
Migraine medicine use
The "sandwich" sign denotes: Pyloric stenosis Intussusception Retroperitoneal fibrosis Abdominal lymphadenopathy
Abdominal lymphadenopathy
Enlarged abnormal lymph nodes tend to deviate from their normal sonographic appearance and become more? Isoechoic Anechoic Hypoechoic Anechoic or hypoechoic
Anechoic or hypoechoic
Parathyroid gland controls the release and absorption of which nutrient? Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Calcitonin Calcium
Calcium
The most common location of the vermiform appendix is the area of the; Jejunum Descending colon Cecum Sigmoid colon
Cecum
All of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with intussusception except: Vomiting Firstborn male infant Leukocytosis Red current jelly stool
Firstborn male infant
What is a possible role of sonography in the evaluation of lung masses? Diagnosis of consolidation masses caused by asthma Ultrasound-guided biopsy Evaluation for inhaled foreign body Differentiation of benign from malignant lung masses
Ultrasound-guided biopsy
What normal structure most often demonstrated with sonography in pediatric patients appears as an echogenic solid mass with linear and punctate echogenicities? Crura of the diaphragm Thymoma Thyroid gland Thymus
Thymus
The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the: Thyroglossal duct Brachial cleft Pyramidal lobe Yodeler's lobe
Pyramidal lobe
A patient presents with a history of medically treated migraines, back/flank pain, weight loss, and vomiting. What retroperitoneal pathology should the sonographer consider? Retroperitoneal fibrosis Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy Retroperitoneal hematoma Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect? Omohyoid Longus colli Sternocleidomastoid Infrahyoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Nuclear medicine demonstrated a hot nodule, what is likely to be demonstrated on thyroid sonography? Pyramid lobe Focal area of thyroiditis Colloid cyst Papillary carcinoma
Colloid cyst
Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobe? External carotid vein External carotid artery Internal jugular vein Common carotid artery
Common carotid artery
What are the sonographic findings associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis? Large, hypoechoic mass surrounding the abdominal aorta Multiple small hypoechoic masses surrounding the aorta and the IVC Small hypoechoic mass between the abdominal aorta and the IVC Large hyperechoic mass in the rectus muscle
Large, hypoechoic mass surrounding the abdominal aorta
All of the following are sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules except? Internal calcifications Hyperechoic mass Cervical node involvement Solitary mass
Hyperechoic mass
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of an enlarged lymph node that is likely benign? Irregularly shaped node that is taller than wide with increased vascularity Enlarged round node with increased echogenicity Enlarged oval node with decreased echogenicity Hyperechoic irregularly shaped node with increased vascularity
Enlarged oval node with decreased echogenicity
Which of the following is the most common form of salivary gland cancer? Papillary carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Ancillary carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
What anatomic structure may be noted as a bull's-eye structure anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver in the sagittal scanning plane? Pyloric sphincter Duodenal antrum Gastroesophageral junction Distal jejunum
Gastroesophageral junction
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? Graves disease Hashimoto thyroiditis Elevated iodine levels in the body Pituitary adenoma
Graves disease
What thyroid disorder presents with bulging eyes, nervousness, weight loss, and hair loss? Hashimoto thyroiditis Graves disease Goiter Colloid cysts
Graves disease
Which of the following does the thyroid gland utilized to produce its hormones? Colloid Iodine Iron Calcium
Iodine
Which of the following would be the most likely clinical feature of colitis? Inguinal herniation of the bowel Right shoulder pain Midline hematoma Watery diarrhea
Watery diarrhea
Where is the most common location for a retroperitoneal hematoma to occur? Quadratus lumborum muscle Rectus muscle Hernia repair site Psoas muscle
Psoas muscle
What lung pathology is described as a separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply? Retroperitoneal fibrosis Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation Lung consolidation Pulmonary sequestration
Pulmonary sequestration
Psammoma bodies are? Hypoechoic structures Comet-tail artifacts emanating from inside a colloid mass Punctate calcified deposits Mural or wall nodules with a solid mass
Punctate calcified deposits
What term is used to describe enlargement of the abdominal lymph nodes located within the abdomen? Sandwich sign Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy Lymphoma Leukemia
Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
Lung consolidation typically appear sonographicly as? Several internal echoes that radiate in a linear pattern because of air within the bronchi An anechoic mass with posterior enhancement An echogenic mass with posterior shadowing A large hypoechoic mass surrounding the pericardial space
Several internal echoes that radiate in a linear pattern because of air within the bronchi
What is the term used to describe a salivary gland that presents sonographically with an echogenic foci within a dilated duct producing shadowing? Sialolithiasis Sialadenosis Sialadenitis Sjögren syndrome
Sialolithiasis
How is arterial blood supplied to the thyroid gland? Internal and external carotid arteries Superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid artery Superior thyroid artery Inferior thyroid artery
Superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid artery
Which of the following terms describes an anechoic, smooth-walled cyst located inferior to the hyoid bone but superior to the thyroid isthmus? Thyroglossal duct cyst Brachial cleft cyst Fibromatosis colli Submandibular gland
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Benign congenital cyst located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as? Branchial cleft cyst Follicular adenoma Thyroglossal duct cysts Parathyroid adenoma
Thyroglossal duct cysts
Which of the following is a hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid? Thyroxine T4 Calcitonin Iodine Triiodothyronine T3
Thyroxine
The situation when towel protrudes into a weakened area in the lower 1/4 of the rectus muscle is referred to as: Inguinal hernia Linea alba hernia Umbilical hernia Spigelian hernia
Spigelian hernia
A patient presents with hypercalcemia. Sonography demonstrated a hypoechoic mass adjacent to the thyroid gland. What is the most likely diagnosis? Parathyroid adenoma Exophytic thyroid adenoma Hemorrhagic thyroglossal duct cyst Normal esophagus
Parathyroid adenoma
Which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear? Submandibular gland Sublingual gland Thyroid gland Parotid gland
Parotid gland
All of the following are potential causes for lung consolidation except? Pneumonia Hemorrhage Carcinoma Pulmonary sequestration
Pulmonary sequestration
A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than_______is indicated of thyroid enlargement? 8mm 5mm 12mm 10mm
10mm
Abnormal lymph nodes typically measure more than: 10mm 8mm 7mm 1mm
10mm
HPS is most often found in infants between: 1-10 days old 2-6 weeks old 10-24 weeks old 2-4 weeks old
2-6 weeks old
Which of the following would most likely cause colitis? Gastroesophageal reflux disease Antibiotic therapy Dehydration Rectus sheath hematoma
Antibiotic therapy
Pseudomyxoma peritonea can result from: Intusseception Pyloric stenosis Crohn disease Appendix cancer
Appendix cancer
Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule? Hot nodule Cold nodule
Cold nodule
The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as? Thyroxine Calcitonin Colloid Triiodothyronine
Colloid
A mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest best describes? Pneumothorax Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation Pulmonary sequestration lung consolidation
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
And autoimmune disease characterized by periods of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract describes? Crohn disease Intussusception Pyloric stenosis Meckel diverticulitis
Crohn disease
What is the easiest method for distinguishing the esophagus from a mass? Pulsed-wave Doppler will demonstrate decreased resistance in the esophageal walls and increased resistance in the lumen. Put color on the area, a mass will show increased vascularity. Have patient perform the Valsalva maneuver, esophagus will increase in size. Have patient swallow, saliva can be visualized passing through the esophagus.
Have patient swallow, saliva can be visualized passing through the esophagus.
Which of the following is the most common sonographic appearance of retroperitoneal fibrosis? Hypoechoic mass surrounding the aorta Multiple small lymph nodes anterior to the abdominal aorta Anechoic mass in the lower abdomen Echogenic mass posterior to the kidneys
Hypoechoic mass surrounding the aorta
Which of the following is not associated with a rectus sheath hematoma? Palpable abdominal mass Increased hematocrit Childbirth Sneezing
Increased hematocrit
Sonographic examination demonstrated multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes. The patient indicated having had fever for over a week. What is the most likely cause for the lymphadenopathy? Hyperthyroidism Malnutrition Malignancy Infection
Infection
When imaging the liver, in which image are you likely to note fluid around the lung? Liver/Right kidney interface Porta hepatis Dome of liver Gallbladder fossa
Liver/Right kidney interface
A patient presents with pulmonary edema. On sonography, an area of lung has the same echotexture as the liver but with areas of linear pattern echogenicities. What is the most likely diagnosis? Lung consolidation Pulmonary sequestration Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation Thymoma
Lung consolidation
What is a possible complication of a thoracentesis? Bowel perforation Liver hematoma Pneumothorax Pulmonary sequestration
Pneumothorax
Traditionally treatment for intussusception is by means of? Surgery External manipulation Compression sonography Therapeutic enema
Therapeutic enema
In what image is the crus of the diaphragm typically demonstrated on sonography? Transverse image of the kidney Sagittal image of the distal inferior vena cava (IVC) Transverse image of pancreas Transverse image of LT lobe of liver
Transverse image of the kidney
Are common location for abdominal lymph nodes include all the following except? Mesentery Renal hilum Along the length of the abdominal aorta Within the subhepatic space
Within the subhepatic space
What procedure is used to remove fluid from around the lung in order to determine if it has a malignant origin? Pericardiocentesis Diagnostic thoracentesis Therapeutic thoracentesis Paracentesis
Diagnostic thoracentesis
Which of the following muscles would be situated closest to the spine? Rectus abdominis Psoas muscle Quadratus Lamborum Iliacus
Psoas muscle
Which of the following is an auto immune disease that affects the gland that produces moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, dryness of the eyes, nose, skin, and mouth? Whartons syndrome Sjogern syndrome Stenson syndrome Sialadenosis syndrome
Sjogern syndrome
Oh which of the following would not be a typical clinical finding of a patient with retroperitoneal hematoma? Low hematocrit Trauma Weight loss Hemophilia
Weight loss
Which of the following is the duct that drains the submandibular gland? Stensen duct Wharton duct Seigel duct Partidge duct
Wharton duct
