abnormal psych

"trait anxiety"-

people differ in the general level of arousal/anxiety they are experiencing. *some people are more tense/calm than others.

"state anxiety"-

people differ in the sense of which situations are threatening. situation-based events. Ex) fear of flying.

Stress has two components-

stressor and stress response.

New psychotropic medications in the 1950s

-Antidepressants -Antipsychotics -Antianxiety

Acute Stress Disorder-

-Begins within four weeks of the event and only lasts for one month after. Constantly on edge during this time, always thining about it. For at least 3 days you have to be obsessed with what happened.

Szasz argue on how mental illness is invalid/ a myth-

-Deviations called "abnormal" are simply "problems of living" -Societies invent mental illness to control or change people who threaten social order.

Sympathetic nervous system

-fight or flight

Parasympathetic nervous system

-rest and digest

When institutionalization is needed-

-short-term hospitalization -short stay, given medication/therapy, and then they try to make you a functioning member of society. *problem= people start to take medication and feel better so they stop taking it.

Treatment for Stress disorders

1. Drug Therapy- Anti-anxiety/antidepressant meds. 2. Behavioral exposure technique- reduce specific symptoms. Using flooding and relaxation training. 3. Insight therapy- bring out deep-seated feelings, create acceptance, and lessen guilt. often use family or group therapy formats.

Victimization and stress disorders

1/3 of physical or sexual assault victims develop PTSD. -psychological impact is immediate and may be long-lasting.

Anxiety facts:

18% of adults experience 1/6 anxiety disorders. only 1/5 of these people seek treatment.

Disasters and stress disorders

Acute and PTSD may also follow natural and accidental disasters -Civilian traumas occur 10 times more often than combat traumas.

Who started to reform treatment in the 19th century in US?

Benjamin Rush; he made devices that now look like torture devices, but at the time were intended to help the mentally ill.

What are the four D's of abnormality?

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction and Danger

General goals of treatment for stress disorders.

End lingering stress reactions, gain perspective on painful experiences, and return to constructive living. *treatment vary based on trauma *** 1/2 of PTSD cases improve within 6 months.

defining a psychological stress disorder-

It is normal to be afraid of something, but if it is not temporary, and the anxiety continues way after the situation ends, it may be Acute stress disorder or PTSD

A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms. She thinks that this usually unconscious conflict is being played out in an explicit and overt manner. She is sure this underlying conflict explains her client's:

OCD

Early 20th century, 2 perspectives on treatment-

Somatogenic (physical causes) and Psychogenic (psychological causes)

Why is acute stress disorder and PTSD different from other anxiety disorders?

Stress

What you should look at to see if someone will develop a stress disorder.

Survivors' biological processes Personalities Childhood experiences Social support systems Cultural backgrounds Severity of the traumas

Who started to reform treatment in the 19th century in europe?

Tuke and Pinel; their care emphasized moral guidance and humane, respectful techniques.

validity-

accuracy of tool's results

conditions of worth-

children who fail to receive unconditional positive regard from others may become overly critical of themselves and develop harsh self-standards called conditions of worth.

reliability-

consistency of assessment measures

Deviance-

different, extreme, unusual and maybe even bizarre. Different from statistical definitions and social norms.

Stressor-

event creating demands. Ex) we have an aexam tomorrow

Dysfunction-

interferes with ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way.

PTSD-

may begin either shortly after the event or months/years afterward. Symptoms continue longer than one month. *** 50% of acute stress disorder develop into PTSD **Women are twice as likely as men to develop PTSD

Danger-

posing risk of harm to oneself or others. Behavior consistently careless, hostile of confused.*danger= the exception, not the rule.

Stress response-

reactions to the demands on the event. influence by how we appraise the event and our capacity to react.

Fear-

state of immediate alarm in response to a serious threat

Distress-

unpleasant and upsetting to a person. Behavior, ideas, or emotions usually have to cause distress

Anxiety-

vague sense of threat or danger

victimization of men/ women and stress disorders

women- stalking, rape, dating and domestic violence men- assault during age of 10 and younger.

The renaissance asylums..

•Asylums were made to help treat the mentally ill. They started as good places with good intentions but became virtual prisons.

European Middle Ages Demonology

•if people hear voices then it is the devil and the doctors would drill holes in their skull to try to help them.