Abnormal Psychology exam4/final
In the United States, what is the average annual cost of a private room in a nursing home?
$90,000
Close to _____ percent of all children display selective mutism.
1
At any given time, _____ percent of elderly people in the United States experience at least one anxiety disorder.
11
Suicide is a very real issue when it comes to the elderly, for whom the overall rate of suicide is about _____ out of every 100,000 people per year among those who are over the age of 65.
16
About _____ percent of elderly persons meet the criteria for having a mental disorder.
20
About _____ percent of children and _____ percent of adolescents currently experience a major depressive disorder.
2; 8
Surveys find that approximately _____ percent of older people, particularly men, have alcohol-related disorders in a given year.
3 to 7
Survey research shows that alcohol-related disorders affect about:
3 to 7 percent of the elderly, more often men.
During their teen years, _____ percent of adolescents experience at least one depressive episode.
32
According to a large body of research with diverse populations, how many supertraits, or factors, may describe the basic structure of personality?
5
Children must be at least _____ year(s) old to receive a diagnosis of enuresis.
5
Today, one of every _____ teens arrested for violent crimes is female.
5
More than _____ percent of students report having been bullied at least once.
50
What is the rate of alcohol-related problems among patients in nursing homes?
50%
Of people with severe personality disorder, _____ percent are male.
59
As many as _____ percent of older people have alcohol use disorder in a given year.
7
Javier has recently been diagnosed with conduct disorder. Based on this information alone, it is MOST likely that Javier is between the ages of:
7 and 15
Of children with conduct disorder, _____ percent first displayed a pattern of oppositional defiant disorder.
80
Which individual listed below is MOST likely to experience delirium?
86-year-old Rosa who is in a nursing home recovering from hip replacement surgery
dialectal behavior therapy
A comprehensive treatment approach developed my psychologist Martha Linehan, applied particularly in cases of BPD and/or suicide intent. The approach includes both individual therapy sessions and group sessions and features cognitive-behavioral techniques, social skill building, and various emotional regulation. mindfulness, humanistic, and other techniques.
Encopresis
A disorder characterized by repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one's clothing.
dependent personality disorder
A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of.
avoidant personality disorder
A personality disorder characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation.
borderline personality disorder
A personality disorder characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behavior
histrionic personality disorder
A personality disorder in which an individual displays a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. Once called hysterical personality disorder.
Narcassistic Personality Disorder
A personality disorder marked by a broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
Which is the MOST common neurocognitive disorder?
Alzheimer's disease
The most common form of neurocognitive disorder is:
Alzheimer's disease.
Theodore has difficulty remembering even where he is going. Maintaining friendships is also difficult and he easily becomes angry when he cannot remember things. His health has not been as good as it was, and he is clumsier than he was three years ago. He is MOST likely suffering from:
Alzheimer's disease.
_____ is an explanation for Alzheimer's disease that suggests that changes in aging brain cells may trigger an autoimmune response that leads to the disease.
Autoimmune theory
Which statement is true regarding gender differences related to avoidant personality disorder?
Both men and women are affected equally.
Which of the following statements about cyberbullying is NOT true?
Boys are twice as likely as girls to be cyberbullied on a regular basis.
Which statement about enuresis is TRUE?
Children who have enuresis typically have a parent or sibling who has had or will have enuresis.
According to a study conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health called the Treatments for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), which of the following is the MOST effective form of treatment for adolescent depression?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with antidepressant medication is the most effective treatment.
_____ has been found to be caused by a slow-acting virus, and this has lent some weight to the viral theory of schizophrenia.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
All of the following treatments are used to treat anxiety among the elderly EXCEPT:
ECT
Which statement about intellectual disability is NOT true?
Fewer than 10 percent of all people with even mild intellectual disability eventually marry.
According to recent studies, who is MORE likely to qualify for a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder?
Hispanic Americans
_____ is an inherited progressive disease in which memory problems worsen over time, along with personality changes, mood difficulties, and movement problems such as severe twitching and spasms.
Huntington's disease
Which of the following statements about IQ tests is NOT true?
IQ tests are not biased, because they include measures of language and thinking—as well as practical intelligence, sometimes referred to as "street sense."
Which statement about people living over 100 years of age is NOT true?
Individuals over 100 years old are on average less healthy and agile than those in their eighties and nineties.
The treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder is complicated by one major factor, a factor that is also problematic in treating narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders. What is this factor that so impedes the successful treatment of these problems?
Individuals with the disorder simply do not accept the notion that anything is wrong with them, and thus they are not motivated to seek treatment or participate cooperatively with treatment.
Neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson's disease can be difficult to distinguish from neurocognitive disorder due to _______, which also causes cognitive problems and difficulties with movement.
Lewy body disease
Which statement is NOT true of the oldest old, or those older than 100?
Many travel more than they did in their 80s and early 90s.
Which statement is true regarding the long-term care of older adults?
Most health plans today do not provide adequate coverage of costs.
What does research about education programs for individuals with intellectual disability indicate?
Neither special education nor mainstreaming seems consistently superior. It may be that mainstreaming is better for some areas of learning and for some children, and special classes are better for others.
A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?
No, the child's symptoms occur in only one setting.
senile plaques
Sphere-shaped deposits of beta-amyloid protein that form in the spaces between certain brain cells and in certain blood vessels as people age. People with Alzheimer's disease have an excessive number of such plaques.
Based on information in the DSM-5, which is NOT a part of a diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease?
Symptoms must contain behavioral difficulties.
What is the primary distinction between the beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder and someone with paranoid schizophrenia?
The beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder are not usually delusional, whereas the beliefs of someone with paranoid schizophrenia are.
Which is NOT a problem in the use of the DSM-5 to diagnose personality disorders?
The criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used.
Which statement is true regarding the misuse of prescription drugs among the elderly?
The misuse of drugs is most often unintentional.
mainstreaming
The placement of children with intellectual disability in regular school classes. Also known as inclusion.
Which statement is true with regard to suicide and the elderly?
The rate of suicide for the elderly is higher than that of young people and is often related to depression.
What is one of the most frequent reasons for the institutionalization of people with Alzheimer's disease?
Their caregivers become overwhelmed.
Which is a true statement regarding the childhood disorders covered in Chapter 17?
They are more prevalent in boys than in girls.
Which is NOT a criticism of the use of IQ test results to diagnose intellectual disability?
They are not valid predictors of school performance.
Which statement is true regarding individuals with Down syndrome?
They have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome.
What do neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease and neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease have in common?
They involve the buildup of disruptive proteins within neurons.
How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people?
They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors.
neurofibrillary tangles
Twisted protein fibers that form within certain brain cells as people age. People with Alzheimer's disease have an excessive number of such tangles.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why the current DSM-5 method of categorizing personality disorders has been criticized?
With the current method of categorizing personality disorders, diagnoses of personality disorders are not assigned as often as they should be.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
a childhood disorder in which children are repeatedly argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and in some cases, vindictive
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
a childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts along with a persistent irritable or angry mood
fetal alcohol syndrome
a cluster of problems in a child, including low birth weight, irregularities in the head and face, and intellectual deficits, caused by excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy
Autism Spectrum Disorder
a developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities
conduct disorder
a disorder in which a child repeatedly violates the basic rights of others and displays significant aggression, characterized by symptoms such as physical cruelty to other people or animals, the deliberate destruction of other people's property, and the commission of various crimes
Seperation Anxiety Disorder
a disorder marked by excessive anxiety, even panic, whenever the individual is separated from home, a parent, or another attachment figure
Selective Mutism
a disorder marked by failure to speak in certain social situations when speech is expected, despite ability to speak in other situations
intellectual disability
a disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average. previously called mental retardation
enuresis
a disorder marked by repeated bed-wetting or wetting of one's clothes
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a disorder marked by the inability to focus attention, or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both
Down Syndrome
a form of intellectual disability caused by an abnormality in the 21st chromosome
neurodevelopmental disorders
a group of disabilities - including ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability - in the functioning of the brain that emerge at birth or during very early childhood and affect a person's behavior, memory, concentration, and/or ability to learn
profound ID
a level of intellectual disability (IQ below 20) at which people need a very structured environment with close supervision
severe ID
a level of intellectual disability (IQ between 20 and 34) at which people require careful supervision and can learn to perform basic work in structured and sheltered settings
moderate ID
a level of intellectual disability (IQ between 35 and 49) at which people can learn to care for themselves and can benefit from vocational training
mild ID
a level of intellectual disability (IQ between 50 and 70) at which people can benefit from education and can support themselves as adults
augmentative communication system
a method for enhancing the communication skills of people with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or cerebral palsy by teaching them to point to pictures, symbols, letters, or words on a communication board or computer
Individuals who experience "late-onset alcoholism" often do so in response to:
a negative event such as losing a spouse.
major neurocognitive disorder
a neurocognitive disorder in which the decline in cognitive functioning is substantial and interferes with the ability to be independent
What is a recidivist?
a person who is arrested who has a record of previous arrest
schizotypal personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities
personality disorder trait specified (PDTS)
a personality disorder currently undergoing study for possible inclusion in a future revision of DSM-5. People would receive this diagnosis if they had significant impairment in their functioning as a result of one or more very problematic traits
schizoid personality disorder
a personality disorder in which a person persistently avoids social relationships and shows little emotional expression
antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder marked by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people's rights
paranoid personality disorder
a personality disorder marked by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others
Obssesive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
a personality disorder marked by such intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the person losses flexibility, openness and efficiency
delirium
a rapidly developing, acute disturbance in attention and orientation that makes it very difficult to concentrate and think in a clear and organized manner
intelligence quotient (IQ)
a score derived from intelligence tests that theoretically represents a person's overall intellectual capacity
state school
a state-supported institution for people with intellectual disability
Methylphenidate
a stimulant drug, known better by the trade name Ritalin and Concerta, commonly used to treat ADHD
parent management training
a treatment approach for conduct disorder is which therapist combine family and cognitive-behavioral interventions to improve family functioning and help parents deal with their children more effectively
The fact that Alzheimer's disease resembles Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease suggests that Alzheimer's may be caused by:
a virus
Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect two neurotransmitters in the brain: glutamate and:
acetylcholine.
Which psychological problem is NOT common among the elderly?
alcohol misuse
Special Education
an approach to educating children with intellectual disability in which they are grouped together and given a separate, specially designed education
play therapy
an approach to treating childhood disorders that helps children express their conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, playing with toys, and making up stories
personality disorder
an enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that repeatedly impairs a person's sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy
The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include:
an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what is being read.
Freudian theorists suggest that people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are:
anal retentive.
Which PDTS group is made up of the problematic traits of manipulativeness, deceitfulness, grandiosity, attention seeking, callousness, and hostility?
antagonism
DSM-5 stipulates that a person must be at least 18 years of age to receive the diagnosis of _____ personality disorder.
antisocial
People with this type of personality disorder are sometimes described as "psychopaths" or "sociopaths."
antisocial personality disorder
The cluster of "dramatic" personality disorders includes:
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic.
Research has found that individuals with antisocial personality disorder often seem to experience less _____ than other people, a key ingredient to learning.
anxiety
Which has NOT been associated with helping prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease?
aspirin
Compared with typical children, children with autism spectrum disorder are MOST likely to:
be socially aloof.
The symptoms of vascular neurocognitive disorder:
begin suddenly
A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving:
behavioral therapy for enuresis.
What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum?
being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education
Biomarkers
biochemical, molecular, genici, or structural characteristics that usually accompany a disease
Transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. His history showed other self-destructive behaviors and recklessness. MOST likely, if the man is diagnosed with a personality disorder, it will be:
boarderline
Which personality disorder has undergone a significant amount of research?
borderline
The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include:
brain abnormalities.
DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing a:
categorical approach.
The primary caregivers for MOST individuals with Alzheimer's disease are:
close relatives
Of all schoolchildren who are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, how many are boys?
close to three quarters
Believing that dichotomous, or "black-and-white," thinking plays a key role in producing and maintaining dependent personality disorder comes from the _____ perspective.
cognitive-behavioral
Which type of therapy has been used widely with those suffering from an anxiety disorder in old age?
cognitive-behavioral
These theorists view enuresis as a consequence of coercive, unrealistic, or improper toilet training.
cognitive-behavioral theorists
It is common for a person with a personality disorder to also suffer from another disorder, a relationship called:
comorbidity.
The only definitive way to diagnose Alzheimer's disease is to:
conduct an autopsy to examine brain tissue after a person has died.
Which combination of childhood disorders heightens the risk of individuals developing antisocial personality disorder as adults?
conduct disorder and ADHD
Jordan is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism and theft and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying:
conduct disorder.
When children reach school age, therapists often use a family intervention called parent management training to help treat:
conduct disorder.
Which pattern of conduct disorder is associated with secretive destructive behaviors like setting fires and breaking and entering?
covert-destructive
Studies report that incorrect diagnoses of delirium in older people may contribute to:
death
Schizophrenic symptoms seem to _____ in later life, and delusional symptoms seem to _____ in later life.
decrease; increase
A rapidly developing, acute disturbance in attention and orientation that makes it very difficult to concentrate and think in a clear and organized manner is:
delirium.
An elderly person who develops false beliefs that are not bizarre is MOST likely suffering from:
delusional disorder.
The typical pattern of Alzheimer's for the patient is:
denial, anxiety, withdrawal, dependency.
The cluster of "dramatic" personality disorders does NOT include which diagnosis?
dependent personality disorder
The MOST common mental health complaint of the elderly resulting from a loss of a spouse or friend is _______.
depression
Psychodynamic explanations for dependent personality disorder are very similar to those for:
depression.
Jonah is receiving weekly individual and group therapy for borderline personality disorder. He is learning to recognize when his emotions are inappropriate. He is receiving:
dialectical behavioral therapy.
What is the name of the comprehensive treatment approach applied particularly in cases of borderline personality disorder and/or suicidal intent?
dialectical behavioral training
Which is the typical progression of Alzheimer's disease?
difficulties with language and communication; difficulties completing complicated tasks; noticeable changes in personality
neurocognitive disorders
disorder marked by a significant decline in at least one area of cognitive functioning
Nathan experiences gaps in his everyday memory and has other cognitive problems. No organic cause has been identified. Nathan MOST likely has a:
dissociative disorder.
Among elderly persons who would benefit from mental health services, most:
do not get the treatment they need.
Based on current research, which treatment would you be LEAST likely to select initially in treating paranoid personality disorder?
drug therapy
Children who read slowly or inaccurately or have difficulty understanding the meaning of what they are reading or who spell or write poorly are most likely experiencing:
dyslexia.
Bed-wetting is more common than involuntary defecation, otherwise known as _______.
encopresis
Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes is known as:
enuresis.
The bell-and-battery technique is a behavioral intervention designed to help children speed up their recovery from:
enuresis.
"Is there anything behavioral I can do to reduce my risk of developing Alzheimer's disease?" a friend asks. The response supported by current research is, "Yes, you should:
exercise
The field of psychology that is dedicated to the mental health of the elderly is called:
geropsychology.
With regard to areas of childhood stress, children and adolescents report worrying about _____ the LEAST.
getting into a good college
Alanna's father has Alzheimer's disease, and she recently moved him into an assisted-living facility. Based on current research, what effect is a possible positive result of this change?
improved enjoyment of life
Depression in the elderly population is particularly common among:
individuals who have experienced a trauma like the loss of a spouse.
Which treatment approach is more likely to strengthen juvenile delinquent behavior than to help reduce it?
institutionalization
People receive a diagnosis of _____ when they display general intellectual functioning that is well below average, in combination with poor adaptive behavior.
intellectual disability
In poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat paint that is flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual disability due to:
lead poisoning.
Many people with schizophrenia find that their symptoms _____ in later life.
lessen
Psychodynamic therapists believe that people with histrionic personality disorder are trying to defend against a deep-seated fear of:
loss
Isabelle was born into a very poor family. Both parents have below-average IQs and are barely able to support and provide for themselves. Isabelle's nutrition and health care have never been very good. She is at risk for:
mild intellectual disability.
Which problem related to substance abuse is more typical among the elderly than other age groups?
misuse of prescription drugs
By 2060, the population of people in the United States over the age of 65 is projected to be:
more racially and ethnically diverse than it is now.
mild neurocognitive disorder
neurocognitive disorder in which the decline in cognitive functioning is modest and does not interfere with the ability to be independent
Suspicion is a major symptom of _______ personality disorders.
odd
Which group has the highest rate of depression?
older women
theory of mind
one's awareness that other people base their behavior's on their own beliefs, intentions, and mental stares, not on information they have no way of knowing
A child will not obey her mother. When threatened with punishment, she swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. Her outbreaks seem to be restricted to her parents, but she is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of:
oppositional defiant disorder.
If a child with conduct disorder displays openly aggressive and confrontational behaviors, which pattern of the disorder would that child be displaying?
overt-destructive
Openly offensive and confrontational behaviors are consistent with what pattern of conduct disorder?
overt-destructive
Herman is 42 years old and tends to have very few friends. Whenever he develops a new friendship, he invariably loses it quickly because he begins to accuse the "friend" of trying to take advantage of him. He constantly sees conspiracies where none exist, and he is forever on guard against people trying to hurt or abuse him. Because he has had these tendencies for the better part of his life going all the way back into childhood, Herman should probably be diagnosed as suffering from _____ personality disorder.
paranoid
People with this personality disorder believe that everyone is out to get them, trick them, and cause them harm, so they steer clear of developing close relationships.
paranoid personality disorder
Children who suffer some form of abuse are most likely to be abused by a:
parent
You suspect that a child you are treating has ADHD. Which of the following should be completed to confirm the diagnosis of ADHD?
parent and teacher reports, clinical observations, interviews, psychological tests, and rating scales
categorical approach.
parents
An individual suffering from a neurological disorder shows no evidence of infection or poisoning but experiences tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness. The MOST probable diagnosis is:
parkinson's disease
Which group of older persons has the highest rate of problem drinking?
patients in nursing homes
If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a typical example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:
periods of very high anxiety.
An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs the sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy is known as a:
personality disorder.
Enduring and predictable behavioral consistencies are often called:
personality traits.
What is the MOST common metabolic disorder to cause intellectual disability?
phenylketonuria (PKU)
_____ is a rare disorder that affects the frontal and temporal lobes and has a clinical picture similar to that of Alzheimer's disease.
pick's disease
Many children have difficulty recognizing, identifying, or verbalizing the kinds of emotions they are experiencing, particularly when those emotions are negative or distressing. For this reason, the use of _____ therapy has been found to be of value in helping to identify a child's emotional or psychological state.
play
Some theorists believe that borderline personality disorder is a special form of:
posttraumatic stress disorder.
The categorical approach to personality disorders assumes that:
problematic personality traits are either present or absent.
Mark has autism spectrum disorder. When Mark is hungry, he looks at his mother and asks, "Do you want dinner?" This reversal of pronouns is referred to as:
pronominal reversal.
When new information is acquired and stored, certain _____ must be produced in key brain cells.
proteins
Group therapy formats are of particular use to those who suffer from avoidant personality disorder because these formats:
provide a social circumstance where interactions with others can be practiced and where support can be both given and received.
"It is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder arises from an early childhood fixation." Which type of psychologist would MOST likely have made that statement?
psychodynamic
The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is most likely believed by _____ therapists.
psychodynamic
Which is NOT a method used for teaching children with autism spectrum disorder to communicate?
psychotherapy
An elderly individual has just been diagnosed with depression. In the future, that individual would be expected to:
recover more slowly than average for both injuries and illnesses.
Shelley, an eighth grader, tells all of her friends that another girl in their class, Natalie, has an STI. Multiple people in the class start avoiding Natalie and talk about her behind her back. This is an example of _____ aggression.
relational
An important concern about using methylphenidate to treat ADHD is that:
research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on non-Hispanic white American children.
A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from:
schizoid personality disorder.
An individual with a diagnosis of an odd personality disorder is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has:
schizophrenia.
Emmett experiences ideas of reference and bodily illusions. MOST likely, Emmett has _____ personality disorder.
schizotypal
People with _____ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.
schizotypal
Kumar is an individual who is often described as a "strange duck" by his peers. He dresses strangely, has very unusual habits, and believes that he has ESP and can interpret future events before they happen. He has very few close friends, and he typically keeps to himself as people make him anxious. Which type of personality disorder BEST describes Kumar's case?
schizotypal personality disorder
Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of:
schizotypal personality disorder.
Stephanie was always chatting away at home with her siblings and parents. She was considered shy when out in public, never speaking to others. However, her parents weren't concerned until she started preschool. She has been in school for four months and still hasn't spoken to her teacher or classmates. Stephanie is displaying signs of:
selective mutism.
When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps his arms, twists his hands and fingers, and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in:
self-stimulatory behavior.
Sara has intense problems with leaving her house. She often refuses to do so, and in cases when she will go out, she simply must be by her mother's side at all times. This goes as far as requiring her mother to be in physical contact with Sara (holding hands, clinging to her mother's clothing) whenever they go shopping. Sara also refuses to go to a peer's house for a play date unless her mother stays the whole time and is never more than one room away. Sara may be diagnosed with:
separation anxiety disorder.
joint attention
sharing focus with other people on items or event's in one's immediate surroundings, through sharing eye-gazing, pointing, referencing, or other verbal or nonverbal indication's that one spaying attention to the same object
Day-care and assisted living facilities are examples of the _______ approach to treatment for neurocognitive disorder.
sociocultral
Which psychological perspective holds that histrionic personality disorder partially stems from an exaggeration of femininity as our culture once defined it?
sociocultural theory
Which person would you expect to have a lessening of symptoms later in life?
someone with schizophrenia
Which type of delusional thought pattern is MOST common in elderly individuals?
the belief that family members and friends are conspiring against them with the intent of cheating or "wronging" them
mentalization
the capacity to understand one's own mental states and those of other people
Geropsychology
the field of psychology concerned with the mental health of elderly people
All of the following are key issues, mentioned in the textbook, that clinicians have become concerned about in studying and treating the problems of old age—EXCEPT:
the misdiagnosis of psychological disorders and the subsequent misuse of prescription drugs among the elderly.
Alzheimer's disease
the most common type of neurocognitive disorder, usually occurring after the age of 65, marked most prominetly by memory impairment
Normalization
the principle that institutions and community residences should provide people with intellectual disability types of living conditions and opportunities that are similar to those enjoyed by the rest of society
When it comes to mental health, elderly women in minority groups experience difficulties often referred to as:
triple jeopardy.
Which abnormal chromosomal situation is a cause of Down syndrome?
trisomy 21
Psychodynamic theorists believe that people who develop antisocial personality disorder have failed to develop a sense of:
trust
Men are _____ as likely as women to display obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
twice
The trait of Machiavellianism includes all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
unempathetic.
The _____ explanation or theory for Alzheimer's disease is linked to the resemblance of Alzheimer's disease to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
viral
The primary difference between major and mild neurocognitive disorder is:
whether it interferes with independent functioning.
Short-term memory is like a _____, whereas long-term memory is like a _____.
workbench; storage cabinet
Surveys show that _____ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States.
worry
