Active/ Passive Transport
Both move because of concentration gradient
Hows facilitated diffusion similar to diffusion thru ion channels
All have to do with amount of water molecules present
Hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic, and tugor pressure interrelated how
yah
I want that 3 extra dollars.
Carrier proteins control what enters and leaves the cell such as potassium
Intense exercise = potassium accumulates in fluid around muscles cells. What membrane protein helps muscles cells counteract this
Jellyfish's cells would experience sytosis and the jellyfish would die bc life is meaningless and life is just the prologue to death
Jellyfish placed in freshwater lake?
Means that they have same free water concentration
Means to say 2 solutions are isotonic?
Vesicle
Membrane bound sac in eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within the cell
Ion channel
Membrane protein that provides a passageway across the cell membrane through which an ion can diffuse
Carrier protein
Protein that transports specific substances across a biological membrane
Ion channels
Protein, or groups of proteins that provide small passage ways across the cell through which specific ions can diffuse
ATP
Provides energy for Na+ K+ pump
Plasmolysis
Shrinking/wilting of walled cell in hypertonice environment
Hypotonic
Solution concentration is lower than that inside a cell
Isotonic
Solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell
Hypertonic
Solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell
Carrier proteins
Some types of active transport are performed by ____ ____ called cell membrane proteins
Equilibirum
State that exists when concentration of a substance is the same throughout space
Facilitated diffusion
Substances move down concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins
ATP
Supplies the energy that drives the pump
Exocytosis
Vesicles made by the cell fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their contents into the external environment
Turgor pressure
Water pressure within a plant cell
Molecules bind to carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion
What role do carrier proteins play in facilitated diffusion
Hypotonic
When a solute concentration outside the cell is lowwer outside the cell than in the cytosol, the solution is _____ to cytosol and water will diffuse into the cell and swell
Hypertonic
When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than that in the cytosol the solution outside is _____ to the cytosol, and water will diffuse out of the cell.
Isotonic
When the solute concentrations outside and inside the cell are equal, the solution outside is _____ and there will be no net movement of water.
Salt in water will increase salt content of blood. Molecules in the cell will travel out of the cell because of this. Cells shrink and we die, obviously
Why is salt water dangerous for human people
diffusion
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concerntration driven by the molecules
Facilitated diffusion
A molecule that binds to a career protein on one side of the cell membrane
Phagocyte
A cell that engages in phagocytosis
Sodium potassium pump
Carrier protein that actively transports k+ ions into and Na+ ions out of cells
Endocytosis
Cells ingest the external materials by folding around them and forming a pouch
Hypotonic
Concentration of solute molecules outside cell is lower than concentration in cytosol?
Sodium potassium pump requires energy to work
How does Na+ K+ Pump differ from facilitated diffusion
Net direction
Determined by the relative solute concentrations on the 2 sides of the membrane
Pinocytosis = moving fluidds/solutes into cell Phagocytosis = moving cells/large particles into cell
Difference b/w pinocytosis and phagocytosis
Concentration gradient
Difference in concentration of a substance across space
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane
NO. OF COURSE NOT. IDIOT. Cell membrane regulates what molecules go into cell and block some molecules while allowing others
Do all molecules diffuse through all cell membranes and justify
Pinocytosis Phagocytosis
Endocytosis includes _____ in which the vesicle contains solutes of fluids and _____, in which the vesicle contains large particles or cells
Endocytosis = engulfs substances Exocytosis = Vesicle releases substances Can see cell engulfing (endo) and releasing (exco) substances
Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis? How can difference be seen?
Relative solute concentrations on the two sides of the cell membrane
Factors that determine direction of net movement of water across cell membrane
Bind to specific molecules on one side of membrane and move them up their concentration
Function of carrier proteins in active transport
Regulates the amount of water that goes into cell
Function of contractile vaculoe
Grape would shrivel up (just like your dreams) because the water molecules in the grape would move from high concentration to low
Grape in a bowl of highly concentrated sugar water?
More carrier proteins to take in glucose
How cell consumes glucose can speed up glucose intake from environment
Dissolving in the phospholipid bilayer or passing through pores in the cell membrane
Molecules can diffuse by what two ways?
Active protein
Movement of a substance across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient: requires the cell to expend energy
Passive transport
Movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy
Sodium Potassium pump
Moves Na+ ions into the cells external environment for every k+ ion it moves into the cytosol
Active transport
Moves molecules across the cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
Out of cell Hypertonic
Net movement: Tonic? Outside- low concentration Cytosol-high
Equal rates Isotonic
Net movement: Tonic? Outside-same Cytosol-same
Into cell Hypotonic
Net movement: Tonic? Outside- high Cytosol- low
Contractile vaculoe
Organelle in proteins that expels water
Contractile
Organelles that regulate water levels in paramecia... vacuoles
Endocytosis
Process by which a cell surrounds and engulfs substances
Exocytosis
Process in which a vessicle inside a cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the external environment
Diffusion
Process that molecules move from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration
Concentrated gradient
The carrier protein then changes its shape and transports the molecule down its _____ _____ to the other side of the membrane
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a membrane
Vesicle
The pouch then pinches off and becomes a membrane bound organelle called a
Enters = hypotonic Exits = hypertonic
To remain alive, cells must compensate for the water that enters the cell in ______ environments and leaves the cell in ______ environments
Phagocytosis
Type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
Pinocytosis
Type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solutes or fluids
Expend energy
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires cells to
Phagocytosis for large particle - needs more room. pinocytosis for fluids/solutes - needs less room
Vesicles formed during pinocytosis is smaller than those for phagocytosis. Why?
cytolysis
bursting of a cell. CELL DIES. CELL DEEATH. END OF A THINGS CELL. CELL BURIAL. CELL FUNERAL RECEPTION. CELL'S FAMILY CRIES. DAUGHTER CELL GOES INTO LONG BOUTS OF DEPRESSION. HUSBAND CELL CANT HANDLE THE GRIEF AND COMMITS CELL SUICIDE. which is commonly known as apoptosis, who knew.
passive transport
involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without an input of energy by the cell