Active/ Passive Transport

Both move because of concentration gradient

Hows facilitated diffusion similar to diffusion thru ion channels

All have to do with amount of water molecules present

Hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic, and tugor pressure interrelated how

yah

I want that 3 extra dollars.

Carrier proteins control what enters and leaves the cell such as potassium

Intense exercise = potassium accumulates in fluid around muscles cells. What membrane protein helps muscles cells counteract this

Jellyfish's cells would experience sytosis and the jellyfish would die bc life is meaningless and life is just the prologue to death

Jellyfish placed in freshwater lake?

Means that they have same free water concentration

Means to say 2 solutions are isotonic?

Vesicle

Membrane bound sac in eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within the cell

Ion channel

Membrane protein that provides a passageway across the cell membrane through which an ion can diffuse

Carrier protein

Protein that transports specific substances across a biological membrane

Ion channels

Protein, or groups of proteins that provide small passage ways across the cell through which specific ions can diffuse

ATP

Provides energy for Na+ K+ pump

Plasmolysis

Shrinking/wilting of walled cell in hypertonice environment

Hypotonic

Solution concentration is lower than that inside a cell

Isotonic

Solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell

Hypertonic

Solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell

Carrier proteins

Some types of active transport are performed by ____ ____ called cell membrane proteins

Equilibirum

State that exists when concentration of a substance is the same throughout space

Facilitated diffusion

Substances move down concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins

ATP

Supplies the energy that drives the pump

Exocytosis

Vesicles made by the cell fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their contents into the external environment

Turgor pressure

Water pressure within a plant cell

Molecules bind to carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion

What role do carrier proteins play in facilitated diffusion

Hypotonic

When a solute concentration outside the cell is lowwer outside the cell than in the cytosol, the solution is _____ to cytosol and water will diffuse into the cell and swell

Hypertonic

When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than that in the cytosol the solution outside is _____ to the cytosol, and water will diffuse out of the cell.

Isotonic

When the solute concentrations outside and inside the cell are equal, the solution outside is _____ and there will be no net movement of water.

Salt in water will increase salt content of blood. Molecules in the cell will travel out of the cell because of this. Cells shrink and we die, obviously

Why is salt water dangerous for human people

diffusion

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concerntration driven by the molecules

Facilitated diffusion

A molecule that binds to a career protein on one side of the cell membrane

Phagocyte

A cell that engages in phagocytosis

Sodium potassium pump

Carrier protein that actively transports k+ ions into and Na+ ions out of cells

Endocytosis

Cells ingest the external materials by folding around them and forming a pouch

Hypotonic

Concentration of solute molecules outside cell is lower than concentration in cytosol?

Sodium potassium pump requires energy to work

How does Na+ K+ Pump differ from facilitated diffusion

Net direction

Determined by the relative solute concentrations on the 2 sides of the membrane

Pinocytosis = moving fluidds/solutes into cell Phagocytosis = moving cells/large particles into cell

Difference b/w pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Concentration gradient

Difference in concentration of a substance across space

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane

NO. OF COURSE NOT. IDIOT. Cell membrane regulates what molecules go into cell and block some molecules while allowing others

Do all molecules diffuse through all cell membranes and justify

Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

Endocytosis includes _____ in which the vesicle contains solutes of fluids and _____, in which the vesicle contains large particles or cells

Endocytosis = engulfs substances Exocytosis = Vesicle releases substances Can see cell engulfing (endo) and releasing (exco) substances

Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis? How can difference be seen?

Relative solute concentrations on the two sides of the cell membrane

Factors that determine direction of net movement of water across cell membrane

Bind to specific molecules on one side of membrane and move them up their concentration

Function of carrier proteins in active transport

Regulates the amount of water that goes into cell

Function of contractile vaculoe

Grape would shrivel up (just like your dreams) because the water molecules in the grape would move from high concentration to low

Grape in a bowl of highly concentrated sugar water?

More carrier proteins to take in glucose

How cell consumes glucose can speed up glucose intake from environment

Dissolving in the phospholipid bilayer or passing through pores in the cell membrane

Molecules can diffuse by what two ways?

Active protein

Movement of a substance across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient: requires the cell to expend energy

Passive transport

Movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy

Sodium Potassium pump

Moves Na+ ions into the cells external environment for every k+ ion it moves into the cytosol

Active transport

Moves molecules across the cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

Out of cell Hypertonic

Net movement: Tonic? Outside- low concentration Cytosol-high

Equal rates Isotonic

Net movement: Tonic? Outside-same Cytosol-same

Into cell Hypotonic

Net movement: Tonic? Outside- high Cytosol- low

Contractile vaculoe

Organelle in proteins that expels water

Contractile

Organelles that regulate water levels in paramecia... vacuoles

Endocytosis

Process by which a cell surrounds and engulfs substances

Exocytosis

Process in which a vessicle inside a cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the external environment

Diffusion

Process that molecules move from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration

Concentrated gradient

The carrier protein then changes its shape and transports the molecule down its _____ _____ to the other side of the membrane

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a membrane

Vesicle

The pouch then pinches off and becomes a membrane bound organelle called a

Enters = hypotonic Exits = hypertonic

To remain alive, cells must compensate for the water that enters the cell in ______ environments and leaves the cell in ______ environments

Phagocytosis

Type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

Pinocytosis

Type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solutes or fluids

Expend energy

Unlike passive transport, active transport requires cells to

Phagocytosis for large particle - needs more room. pinocytosis for fluids/solutes - needs less room

Vesicles formed during pinocytosis is smaller than those for phagocytosis. Why?

cytolysis

bursting of a cell. CELL DIES. CELL DEEATH. END OF A THINGS CELL. CELL BURIAL. CELL FUNERAL RECEPTION. CELL'S FAMILY CRIES. DAUGHTER CELL GOES INTO LONG BOUTS OF DEPRESSION. HUSBAND CELL CANT HANDLE THE GRIEF AND COMMITS CELL SUICIDE. which is commonly known as apoptosis, who knew.

passive transport

involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without an input of energy by the cell