Advanced Homework

negative ... positive

in gel electrophoresis DNA molecules migrate from _____ to _____ ends of the gel.

MPO

Which of these genes codes for a protein that plays a role in white blood cell function?

regulatory gene only

Which of these is NOT a component of the lac operon?

phosphate group

Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?

Immune and circulatory

Which two body systems appear to be most involved with acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?

Put a cDNA encoding the protein into a plasmid with a bacterial promoter sequence.

How can large quantities of protein be produced from a bacterial colony containing the gene of interest?

GH1

Which of these genes codes for a protein that plays a role in growth?

He may or may not get the disease.

A child is born with the mutation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Which of the following is true?

There is treatment, and it is likely to be successful.

A child is diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Which of the following is true?

each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

After DNA replication is completed, _____.

Template

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand.

A-site

At which site do new aminoacyl tRNAs enter the ribosome during elongation?

Organelles

DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following?

0%, because the child must receive the bad gene from both parents

If Sophie conceives a child, and the father neither has cystic fibrosis nor is a carrier, what are the chances that the child would have cystic fibrosis?

be cut by the same restriction enzyme

In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must _____

not transcribed

In the presence of a regulatory protein the lac operon is _____.

mRNA

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.

the operator

Regulatory proteins bind to _____.

Use CRISPR to alter the DNA in patient's cells.

Scientists decide to use this technique to treat cystic fibrosis. Which of the following do they do?

snRNPs and other proteins

Spliceosomes are composed of _____.

blood

The Grail cancer screening test is approved for widespread use. Which of the following will patients need to provide for screening?

5' —> 3'

The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____.

Helicase

The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _____.

q arm

The gene that codes for gastrin is located on the _____ of chromosome 17.

P site

The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.

regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm

The nuclear membrane's role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____.

-ACGT

The sticky end of the DNA restriction fragment shown here will pair with a DNA restriction fragment with the sticky end _____.

RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand

The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) _____.

CUG

The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence ___

sticky ends

The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes are referred to as _____.

A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase

Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter?

Lack of growth hormone

What defect causes pituitary dwarfism?

Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides

What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription?

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?

DNA ligase

What enzyme forms covalent bonds between restriction fragments?

It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription.

What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene?

Whether the gene is methylated.

What information can not be obtained from the sequence of a gene?

A method to produce many copies of a gene

What is genetic cloning?

The ribosome slides one codon down the mRNA.

What is meant by translocation?

Ribosome

Where does translation take place?

Hemoglobin

Which mutated protein causes the symptoms of sickle cell disease?

mRNA

Which nucleic acid is translated to make a protein?

Doctors were replacing only one gene, and they only had to insert that gene into bone marrow cells.

Which of the following do you think contributed the most to the success of Rhys' gene therapy?

It will have no effect on the chance of people having sickle cell disease.

Which of the following is true regarding this treatment?

The epigenome can be remodeled by drugs and environmental factors.

Which of the following is true?

inherited diseases

You are a doctor that specializes in diseases such as sickle cell. Which of the following do you study?

involved in eye development

The RP13 gene of chromosome 17 codes for a protein _____.

Nucleosome

Which of the following terms describes the DNA-protein complexes that look like beads on a string?

gastrin and GH1

Which of these genes are located on the q arm of chromosome 17?

involved in the regulation of the cell cycle

The TP53 gene of chromosome 17 codes for a protein _____.

replication forks and replication bubbles

The action of helicase creates _____.

is a carrier

The allele that causes cystic fibrosis is recessive. An individual who is heterozygous for cystic fibrosis

Sequencing "chemical tags" on DNA

The key to successfully sequencing the epigenome is which of the following?

Jacob and Monod

The operon model of the regulation of gene expression in bacteria was proposed by _____.

amino acids

Polypeptides are assembled from _____.

a long string of adenine nucleotides

During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA.

DNA polymerase

What catalyzes DNA synthesis?

The patient started making fetal hemoglobin.

A second patient has this treatment and it is again declared a success. Which of the following happened?

A less diverse gut microbiome is linked to an increase in the chance of getting acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Based on this research, which of the following appears to be true?

modified guanine nucleotide

During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA.

Extension.

During which step in the PCR cycle are nucleotides used?

annealing

During which step in the PCR cycle do primers form bonds with a single-stranded template?

Proteosomes

Enzyme complexes that break down protein are called _____.

32

How many DNA molecules would there be after four rounds of PCR if the initial reaction mixture contained two molecules?

25%

If Sophie has a brother or sister from the same parents, what are the chances that sibling would have cystic fibrosis?

one copy; does not

If someone is a carrier of a recessive genetic disorder, it means he or she has __________ of the allele, and __________ exhibit symptoms of the disorder.

thymine ... cytosine

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.

protein activation

Protein-phosphorylating enzymes' role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____.

Exons

The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are ____

diabetes, since the target cells are found only in the pancreas

Theoretically, which of the following diseases should be the easiest to treat through gene therapy, considering the targeted organs and tissues where the corrected gene must be delivered?

Cytoplasm

Translation occurs in the _____.

False

True or false. A tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the stop codon catalyzes the reaction by which translation is terminated.

true

True or false? Comparison of the sequences of the same gene across species can give some insight into the existence of a common ancestor with that gene

False

True or false? One possible way to alter chromatin structure such that genes could be transcribed would be to make histone proteins more positively charged.

False

True or false? Regulatory and basal transcription factors regulate transcription by binding to the promoter.

true

True or false? Single-stranded DNA molecules are said to be antiparallel when they are lined up next to each other but oriented in opposite directions.

false

True or false? The Taq enzyme is a type of DNA polymerase that allows researchers to separate the DNA strands during the annealing step of the PCR cycle without destroying the polymerase.

false

True or false? The use of growth hormone isolated from cadavers was banned mainly because there were not enough cadavers to supply the hormone.

RNA processing

What is the function of a spliceosome?

initiation (of translation)

What is the name of the process shown in the diagram?

A method to amplify a fragment of DNA.

What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Transcription

What is the process called that converts the genetic information stored in DNA to an RNA copy?

Transcription

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?

RNA processing

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?

Translation

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?

Primase

Which of the following enzymes creates a primer for DNA polymerase?

Topoisomerase

Which of the following enzymes is important for relieving the tension in a helix as it unwinds during DNA synthesis?

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the gene.

Which of the following events in transcription initiation likely occurs last?

Botanists, scientists that specialize in plants.

Which of the following groups is most likely to study transgenerational epigenetic inheritance?

obesity

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a health problem for someone with cystic fibrosis?

Phosphorylation

Which of the following processes is an example of a post-translational modification?

Enhancers

Which of the following regulatory DNA sequences might be located thousands of nucleotides away from the transcription start site of a gene?

activator

Which of the following regulatory elements is not composed of DNA sequences?

Primers are short sequences that allow the initiation of DNA synthesis.

Which of the following statements about DNA synthesis is true?

They are formed on the lagging strand of DNA.

Which of the following statements about Okazaki fragments in E. coli is true?

It makes complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA.

Which of the following statements best describes the function of reverse transcriptase?

The promoter is a nontranscribed region of a gene.

Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene?

The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex.

Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation?

Match the region of radioactivity on the filter with the corresponding plate.

Which of the following steps would be performed last when screening a cDNA library?

complementary

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand?

Cytokines

You are a researcher at a pharmaceutical company working on drug development. You develop a drug that will prevent the second mutation that leads to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. What are you targeting?

Somatic

You work for a startup interested in epigenetics. Which of the following cells will you be sequencing?

activators

bind(s) to DNA enhancer regions.