AL 399

Which group is mainly users of knowledge who do not have the expertise to provide the knowledge they need for themselves?

Knowledge consumers

Researchers and discipline experts are likely to be:

Knowledge generators

What represents a challenge that healthcare organizations face in their ability to exchange information with other organizations?

Lack of public trust for privacy

Healthcare professionals ethically apply knowledge acquired through:

all of these are correct: education, research, and practices

The upper CASE tools support which phase of computer system development?

analysis

When we enter the uncharted world of the other without preconceived notions about what to expect, we are practicing:

bracketing

Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995), focuses on:

bringing about human benefit

Case-based ethical reasoning that considers the facts of a case in a sound, logical, and ordered or structured manner is known as:

casuistry

Workflow analysis can be conducted as a stand-alone effort. When the process is addressed alone, the effort is termed process improvement.

false

What refers to determining whether the project should be initiated and supported?

feasibility

Although theoretical definitions of ethics vary, what identifies a common characteristic of ethics?

goal oriented

Individuals having the capacity to obtain, process, and understand health information is known as:

health literacy

The factor that prevents many healthcare organizations from adopting meaningful use technology is:

increasing cost

The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as:

informatics competency

When healthcare professionals work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product, they can be described as:

knowledge workers

What is the second most commonly used input device, manipulated by the user's hand to point, click, and move objects around the computer screen?

mouse

Testing human use factors provides more of what kind of safety data than user preference testing?

objective

To become a successful owner of an EHR in the healthcare organization, it must be:

part of the facility's long term vision

A surgery tracking board located in a family waiting room may report all of the following, except:

patient initials

When persons living with a chronic disease use the Internet for blogging about their health challenges or participating in online discussion forums, this is known as:

peer-to-peer support

Which theoretical framework emerged as a foundation for ethical decision making?

principlism

What refers to an external device that yields a hard copy of your documents?

printer

New technologies in digital communications, electronic health records, and telehealth raise issues related to:

privacy and confidentiality

What is the visual depiction of workflow analysis?

process map

The form of evidence created from clinical experience and quality improvement data is considered:

internal

Heuristic evaluation:

is the least expensive method

Fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to a person is known as:

justice

What refers to the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision?

knowledge

Alexander and Staggers (2009) evaluated several clinical technology design nursing studies and found that the studies failed to address the aspects of the design that caused the user to like or dislike it.

true

Bagging is a term for the use of voting and averaging in predictive data mining to synthesize the predictions from many models or methods or the use of the same type of a model on different data.

true

Organizations themselves can engage in root-cause analysis or failure modes and effects analysis to examine medical errors closely and to determine the system processes that need to be changed to prevent similar future errors.

true

Optimization is the process of moving conditions past their current state and into a more efficient and effective method of performing tasks.

true

Ownership of the electronic health record must be felt by all levels of staff before implementation will be successful.

true

Public health informatics (PHI) represents a systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health (PH) practice, research, and learning.

true

SDLC can be a blend of two approaches.

true

Smart pump technologies are designed to safely administer high-hazard drugs and to reduce adverse drug events during intravenous medication administration. Smart pumps have software that is programmed to reflect the facility's infusion parameters and a drug library that compares normal dosing rates with those programmed into the pump.

true

Strategies for active listening include all of these, except:

Sharing test results

The act of removing the outer package of a software CD obligates the user to abide by licensing restrictions, which is known as:

Shrink wrap license

What is a data driven method to eliminate defects, waste, or assess quality control issues, that is aimed at decreasing disparities in a business and manufacturing process through dedicated improvements?

Six-Sigma

The activity that builds a foundation of knowledge in professional practice is:

all of these are correct

Translating research findings into practice is complicated by:

all of these are correct

Typical clinical applications for databases include:

all of these are correct

Wisdom is:

all of these are correct

Which statement best reflects the definition of information?

It is processed data that have meaning.

Which aspect of the Foundation of Knowledge Model is a novice professional more likely to use?

Knowledge acquisition

According to Ridley (2007), what teaching methods yields the highest retention over a 24 hour period?

Peer Teaching

A set of guidelines that outline the course of treatment and the recommended interventions that should be implemented to achieve optimal results is the:

Care plan

Which domain name do Internet users consider to be a reliable source of quality health education information?

.org

Which definition describes the information age?

A period of time when data, information, and knowledge are accessible by more people than ever in history.

Simulation is an emerging technology in healthcare education that allows students to:

Actively use informatics in an authentic and realistic learning context

The central source for collecting patient demographic information and communicating it to the other types of healthcare information systems, including clinical and business systems, is the:

Admission, discharge and transfer (ADT) system

Informatics education tools (educational technologies) must be designed to be:

All of these are correct

Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) has been tracking EHR adoption since 2005 through its Stage 7 awards program. HIMSS Stage 7 (the highest level) consists of:

All of these are correct: EHR with data sharing and warehousing, and totally paperless documentation

Public health professionals have learned that community health improvement involves the timely collection of data from other organizations as well as their own agencies in order to:

Analyze and develop effective interventions

Case management information systems are especially beneficial for those with:

Chronic diseases

Vendor-owned cloud computing might offer the benefit of reduced costs of maintaining hardware and IT support in an individual healthcare system. What is the main reason that cloud computing is not widely accepted in health care?

Concern about information security and privacy.

The method by which data collected during the course of a study is processed to identify trends and patterns of relationships is called:

Data analysis

Computerized provider order entry uses which technology to differentiate it from handwritten provider orders?

Decision support

What is the major benefit of public health informatics to public health officials, clinicians, and patients?

Disseminating prevention guidelines

Information science focuses on:

Effectively linking people, information, and technology

The American Association for Justice (2013) suggests that to improve care delivery and minimize error, the most important tools to employ are:

Electronic records and information systems to provide point of care decision support and automation

The Human Genome Project generated questions related to:

Ethical and social issues

The purpose of a firewall is to:

Examine both incoming and outgoing messages and network traffic

Knowledge that can be exchanged or shared in the form of data, manuals, product specifications, principles, policies, or theories is known as:

Explicit knowledge

Which type of delivery of material to students has a 5% information retention rate?

Face-to-face

What describes the broader impact of the evolution of information science?

Facilitation of the application and use of technology to serve an organization

The NGC of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Cochrane collaboration are examples of evidence based practice initiatives that:

Gather and interpret research findings and develop practice guidelines

Health informatics can facilitate all aspects of health care, especially in the __________ of knowledge and ________research, where we attempt to bridge the gap between what we know and what we do.

Generation; translational

A community of practice is best described as:

Groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do, and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly

Users understand how to use the technology to accomplish a goal when you bridge the:

Gulf of execution

Detractors of online learning argue that it:

Hampers building strong peer relationships

Successful collaborative learning is based on which?

Having regular debriefing sessions

What seeks to determine the types of health problems that could be caused by exposure to a potentially harmful material?

Hazard identification

Bioinformatics tools:

Help biomedical informaticists and healthcare personnel tackle the analysis of large data sets

_______________________ error causes the highest percentage of security breaches.

Human

Data integrity can be compromised through:

Human error or hackers and transmission errors

From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior?

Information processing

Integration of cognitive, communication, computer, library, and social sciences are features of:

Information science

What is supported by the EHR, and is emerging as a key to better quality outcomes for patients?

Interprofessional collaboration

Combining findings from multiple research studies to generate a consensus is known as:

Meta-analysis

Although first proposed in 2004, EHR implementation blossomed after passage of the HITECH Act in 2009 because:

Monetary incentives and potential penalties were administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

When healthcare agencies provide access to health information on websites they:

Must adhere to responsible information standards

In the design of human technology interface, what best describes the factor(s) to consider?

NOT user proficiency... task and cost??

Qualitative research on a practice intervention provides insights into:

NOT: All of these are correct.

Epidemiology is:

NOT: Both incidence, prevalence and control of disease, and case finding

Telemonitoring systems can be set in an acceptable range of values for an individual patient enrolled in the monitoring program. If the patient's levels go above or below predetermined amounts, the program will alert the appropriate party. This explains what type of improvement in home telehealth software?

NOT: Communications

In which step in the model for ethical decision making would conflicting values be considered?

NOT: Comprehending alternatives

Much of our ______ _______ is unstructured and resides in text files representing more than 75% of an organization's data. Because this data is not contained in databases, it can be easily overlooked, even though what it contains can provide meaningful insights.

NOT: Data mining

The requirement of having a dedicated clinician on the receiving end of the transmissions from patients at home has limited the application of telehealth because of:

NOT: Equipment availability, and the user's knowledge of and skill using the equipment

A novice professional is more likely to be a:

NOT: Knowledge broker

When students in an online course engage in discussion in an electronic forum they are involved in what type of interaction?

NOT: Learner-interface

What is not likely to be part of the Chief Information Officer's (CIO) and Chief Technology Officer's (CTO) job responsibilities?

NOT: Participating in strategic planning for the organization's future

What describes a clinical use for telehealth technology?

NOT: Video conference of medical staff meeting

Which principle of ethics has a nursing educator violated in failing to correctly teach his/her students how to calculate medication dosages?

NOT: autonomy

Using a clinical practice guideline as a basis for practice is an example of:

NOT: knowledge generation

To analyze and provide a structure for how the mind processes data and information, cognitive science places its focus on which of the following?

NOT: outputs

A type of ROM used by the computer when it's turned on is:

NOT: virtual memory

Which aspect of the Foundation of Knowledge model acts on and may transform any of the other aspects of the model?

NOT:Both knowledge and dissemination

Clearing the mind of preconceived notions and expectations based on a patient's diagnosis is known as:

NOT:Centered caring

A cognitive walkthrough:

Observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks

What describes how communication technology benefits patient care?

Patients are able to review their medical test results at home.

What is not a main issue in securing network information?

Reciprocity

An adverse event response team:

Reenacts or simulates adverse events to better understand the organizational or procedural processes that failed

The ability to manage results of all types electronically including laboratory and radiology procedure reports, both current and historical, is:

Results management

What assesses the risk of the hazardous material causing illness in the population?

Risk characterization

Biomedical informatics is:

The interdisciplinary science of acquiring, structuring, analyzing, and providing access to biomedical data, information and knowledge. As an academic discipline, biomedical informatics is grounded in the principles of computer science, information science, cognitive science, social science, and engineering, as well as the clinical and basic biological sciences.

Optimization is:

The process of moving conditions past their current state and into more efficient and effective methods of performing tasks

Patient-centered care means that practitioners should focus on:

The subjective experience of patients

An efficient way to promote better access to organizational data is to:

Triage and tier the data

Any device used to create a realistic learning experience for the learner that removes the risk associated with learning during hands-on patient care can be considered simulation.

True

Augmented reality games bring people together physically and virtually to solve a series of challenges.

True

Surface or table computing consists of a multitouch, multiuser interface that allows one to "grab" digital information and then collaborate, share, and store that information, without using a mouse or keyboard.

True

The concerns of e-portfolio and web-based social networking relate to the ease of accessibility of information.

True

Computers linked together to facilitate communication and operations within, and outside of, an organization is known as:

a network

Although healthcare professionals have an ethical duty to ensure patient safety, increasing demands on professionals in complex and fast-paced healthcare environments may lead to workarounds. What is a workaround?

a practice that deviates from accepted and expected practice protocols

An organization's confidentiality policy should clearly define:

all fo these are correct

Clinical decision support systems help users to:

all of these are correct

Date integrity policies cover:

all of these are correct

For knowledge to be viable, it must be:

all of these are correct

Information found in pharmacy information systems includes:

all of these are correct

Organizational financial systems:

all of these are correct

Software that tracks and monitors employee network activity typically tracks:

all of these are correct

The scaffolding for analyzing and modeling complicated, multifaceted human performance is provided by:

cognitive science

What is the component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to try to explain human intellectual abilities?

connectionism

When a healthcare professional reviews the EHR prior to interacting with a patient, he or she is gathering:

data and information

The gap between those who have access to online information and those who do not is called the:

digital gap

Which data mining concept identifies a variable by exposing more data?

drill down

A proactive method for developing a safety culture that learns from mistakes is:

failure modes and effects analysis

Big data is the process of using software to sort through data to discover patterns and ascertain or establish relationships.

false

Current telehealth technologies are focused on clinicians being able to see patients and not interact with them since audio and streaming video capabilities are costly.

false

Health care does not generate big data.

false

Information literacy applies only to print media.

false

It is safe to open an email attachment from a known sender.

false

Knowledge and wisdom are synonymous.

false

Meta-learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that permits computers to learn either inductively or deductively. Inductive machine learning is the process of reasoning and making generalizations or extracting patterns and rules from huge data sets.

false

Most EHR benefits studies are hypothesis-testing studies.

false

The nature of the work in the healthcare system prevents it from benefiting from the workflow designs of other businesses.

false

The random access memory acts as a permanent data storage area that holds gigabytes or even terabytes worth of data, information, documents, and programs saved on the computer, even when the computer is shut off.

false

The waterfall model involves a linear process and is used with large unstable projects.

false

The work of healthcare professionals is primarily physical.

false

Timeboxing is generally used to develop the feasibility study.

false

While relationship-centered care promotes enhanced mental and physical well-being in patients, it has little effect on professionals.

false

Thinking is best understood in terms of:

representational structures

Assess the strength of the password, !E1E2E30.

strong

Which term refers to evaluating the system and its components, including determining whether the system performs appropriately for the user?

testing

"Plug and play" refers to peripheral computer add-ons, such as an iPod or game console, which can be plugged into a serial or other port and instantly used.

true

A major barrier to widespread adoption of e-mail and text messaging among American healthcare providers is the fact that reimbursement mechanisms for electronic healthcare interventions are inadequate or nonexistent.

true

According to Jessup and Valacich (2008), computer-based information systems can be defined as combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings.

true

Bioinformatics and computational biology have provided the tools to make it possible to analyze and interpret complex biologic processes. Through these developments, several projects have advanced understanding of the human genome, haplotypes, and the genomic changes related to disease.

true

Bioinformatics is the branch of biology that is concerned with the acquisition, storage, display, and analysis of the information found in nucleic acid and protein sequence data. Computers and bioinformatics software are the tools of the trade.

true

Biomedical informatics is the science underlying the acquisition, maintenance, retrieval, and application of biomedical knowledge and information to improve patient care, medical education, and health sciences research.

true

Both the molecular biomarkers and the protein-based network biomarkers have limitations because of their static nature. To increase the ability to make early diagnosis, identify disease-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and predict patient outcome, dynamic network biomarkers (DNBs) were created, monitored and evaluated at different stages and time-points of the disease, based on non-linear dynamical theory and complex network theory.

true

Brushing is a technique in which the user manually chooses specific data points or observations or subsets of data on an interactive data display.

true

Caring consciousness is energy within the human-environmental field of a caring moment.

true

Clinical decision making is guided by targeted information delivery ensuring that the five rights of CDS are implemented: the right information provided to the right person in the right format through the right channel at the right time in workflow.

true

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information processing perspective.

true

Cognitive task analysis usually starts by identifying, through interviews or questionnaires, the particular task and its typicality and frequency.

true

Connectionism is a component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual abilities.

true

Data analysis is the process by which data collected during the course of a study is processed to identify trends and patterns of relationships.

true

Data mining tools scan databases and identify previously hidden patterns.

true

Drill down analysis typically begins with identifying variables of interest to drill down into the data.

true

Embedding EBP into professional documentation can increase the compliance with Joint Commission core measures, such as providing information on influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations to at-risk patients.

true

Every healthcare professional must commit to lifelong learning and the use of knowledge in practice in order to be successful.

true

Evidence-based practice is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.

true

Examining the workflow surrounding the use of technology enables better use of the technology and more efficient work.

true

Florence Nightingale should be recognized as an early public health informaticist due to her recommendations about medical reform and the need for improved sanitary conditions, which were based on data about morbidity and mortality that she compiled from her experiences in the Crimea and England.

true

Hazard identification seeks to determine the types of health problems that could be caused by exposure to materials that have been identified as causing potential health problems.

true

Health care has not yet fully realized the benefit of using information technology and, as a result, patient care may be compromised.

true

Healthcare professionals can be thought of as instruments of healing.

true

Healthcare professionals have an ethical duty to ensure patient safety.

true

Healthcare professionals who take care of their own health are more likely to be effective in patient and family care

true

Information is valuable when it is accessible, accurate, timely, complete, cost-effective, flexible, reliable, relevant, simple, verifiable, and secure.

true

Information prescriptions direct patients and families to credible websites, including government and HCO websites, and wikis and blogs that may help them understand their health issues.

true

Interoperable EHRs are a foundation of developing HIEs

true

Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information, and ways that information is useful for supporting a specific task or arriving at a decision.

true

Many healthcare organizations experience the effects of poorly implemented clinical technology solutions, which may be in the form of redundant documentation, non-value-added steps, and additional time spent at the computer rather than in direct care delivery

true

Many organizations are looking to informatics technology to help manage complex safety issues by using smart technologies that provide knowledge access to users, provide automated safety checks, and improve communication processes.

true

MoSCoW stands for "Must have, Should have, Could have, and Would have". The "should have" requirements are those that would be great to have if possible, but the success of the project does not depend on them being addressed.

true

Open source software (OSS) is needed by programmers to make any changes to a system's source codes.

true

Surveillance data systems, such as infectious disease trackers that collect data on adverse health effects, are invaluable tools for public health officials to tap for planning, evaluating, or implementing public health interventions.

true

Technologies designed to promote patient safety include wireless technologies for patient monitoring, clinician alerts, point-of-care applications, and radiofrequency identification (RFID) applications.

true

Technology ought not to be implemented for the sake of automation unless it promises to deliver gains in patient outcomes and proper workflow.

true

The HITECH Act was enacted in 2009 to help stimulate both health care and financial recovery in the United States.

true

The Human Genome Project (HGP) began in 1990 and was completed in 2003.

true

The Information Age is an age when data, information, and knowledge are both accessible and can be manipulated by more people than ever before in history.

true

The availability of data and speed of data exchange can have a significant impact on critical public health functions, such as disease monitoring and syndromic surveillance.

true

The design process should be iterative, allowing for evaluating and correcting identified problems.

true

The essence of knowledge has been difficult to define, based on varying viewpoints and beliefs.

true

The future of health care is based on genomics.

true

The size of the power supply should be chosen based on the number of devices and programs used by the computer.

true

The sound card converts digital data into an analog signal that is then output to the computer's speakers or headphones. The reverse is also accomplished by inputting a signal from a microphone or other audio recording equipment, which then converts the analog signal to a digital signal.

true

There is a unique culture of data sharing previously unknown among biological researchers since molecular data and measurement tools are now publicly available.

true

Under ARRA, there is now an explicit requirement for providers and hospitals to use a certified EHR that meets a set of standard functional definitions in order to be eligible for reimbursement incentives.

true

Voice recognition software used to navigate websites may reduce the frustration and confusion associated with attempting to spell complex medical terms.

true

We have much to learn from the related fields of cognitive engineering, human factors, and ergonomics about how to make interfaces more compatible with their human users and the context of care

true

data are raw facts

true

Assess the strength of the password provided: your birthdate.

wear password

When a bar-coding medication system interfered with their workflow, what did professionals devise, which included removing the armband from the patient and attaching it to the bed because the bar-code reader failed to interpret bar codes when the bracelet curved tightly around a small arm?

workarounds

Object oriented systems development (OOSD) uses object oriented modeling to represent real:

world objects