ALL the questions Ch. 1-4 part 2

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

Cell size is limited because________ is critical to a cell's function.

surface-area-to-volume ratio

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads

Which of the following human cells would contain cilia?

cell from the uterine tube

Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to

separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm.

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the cell membrane?

The polar heads of the phospholipids face toward the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm.

Which is the most common type of intercellular junction between cells of the bladder?

adhesion junctions

Based on the structure of the cell membrane, why would channel proteins be necessary for moving ions like Na+ across the cell membrane?

The interior of the cell membrane is hydrophobic and ions are hydrophilic.

A prokaryotic cell

does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Autophagy is a process by which a cell breaks down and destroys old, damaged, or abnormal proteins and other substances in its cytoplasm. Autophagy is a function of which organelle?

lysosomes

Which of the following is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles?

lysosomes

The cell walls of bacterial cells and plant cells function in

maintaining cell shape.

A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its

mitochondria

Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is actively swimming toward an egg cell?

mitochondria

The nucleus has a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes. To exit the nucleus, these molecules must

pass through pores that span both membranes.

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to

pass through the membrane via proteins

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts,________.

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose.

Both the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane are composed of

phospholipids.

Connections between adjacent cells in which plasma membrane proteins attach to each other, producing a zipperlike fastening are called

tight junctions

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.

Which of the following organelles contains thylakoids?

chloroplast

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells.

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding cell structures in plant and bacterial cells?

Both plant cells and bacterial cells have cell walls and plasma membranes.

Receptor proteins

bind to a signal molecule and bring about a cellular response.

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

Which of the following is a function of junction proteins?

to assist in cell-to-cell adhesion and allow cell-to-cell communication

The enzymatic proteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity?

to catalyze reactions that are crucial to the cell's functioning

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.

Surface-to-volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by

developing finger-like projections.

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Which structures determine the flexibility of the extracellular matrix?

proteins