American Government - Unit 1 Test

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John Locke is sometimes called

"America's philosopher"

What impact did the experience of the American Revolution have on American Constitutionalism?

-Freedom of Speech and Assembly -Trial by jury -Security from illegal search and seizure of property -protection from military rule

Three IMPORTANT Historical Documents

-Magna Carta (1215) -Petition of Rights (1628) -English Bill of Rights (1689)

Procedural Guarantees of Due Process

-Rights to counsel and trial by jury -Protections from illegal search and seizures -Protections from forced self-incrimination, excessive bail and fines, and cruel and unusual punishment

Many of the first state constitutions included

Bill of Rights

Natural Rights

Life, Liberty, and Property; cannot be given up or taken away

Copernicus

Polish astronomer and mathematician, advocated the view that Earth rotates on an axis and makes a yearly revolution around a stationary sun; a scientific revolution was started; rejected by the Catholic Church

"No Taxation Without

Representation"

Which of the following statements describes a constitution?

a plan set forth the structure and powers of government

Reformation

a time period of Church reform

Adam Smith

an inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

Popular Sovereignty

authority to govern was delegated to the government by the sovereign people, the idea that political power is derived from the people

To say that rights to life, liberty and property are unalienable means that they

cannot be given up or taken away

Martin Luther

considered to be the founder of Protestantism; argued that the Bible was the source of all religious authority not the Pope

The Enlightenment inspired America's founders by

emphasizing what could be achieved through the exercise of human reason

The Magna Carta included the important constitutional principle that established

government based on the Rule of Law

Due Process of the Law

government must follow procedures and laws to take action against those governed

Renaissance

means rebirth

Rule of Law

must obey the laws of the land (constitution, laws of congress)

Civic Virtue

personal interest set aside to promote the common good. Today this is also called "public spiritedness"; putting the common good ahead of individual interests

The idea that political power is derived from the people is called

popular sovereignty

Classical Republican

promoted the common good over individual

In colonial America, the right to vote most often depended on a person's gender and

property ownership

According to natural rights philosophy, the main purpose of government is to

protect individual rights

Civic virtues is best defined as

putting the common good above individual interests

Natural Rights Philosophy-

rights of the individual (life, liberty, property)

Individual rights

rights regardless of wealth, social status or birth

Democracy

rule by common people

Henry VIII

severed the Church of England from the Roman Catholic church

In comparison with the Greek and Roman ideals of civic virtues, the Judeo-Christian tradition

stresses the dignity and worth of each individual

The Declaration of Independence asserted that

the colonies were now free and independent states

Government should be based on

the rule of law; man should only be judged by the law of the land

People form a society and create a government to protect

their rights

Elizabeth I

third monarch to follow Henry VIII, she was his daughter and reestablished the Protestant church in England

All classical philosophers agreed that one purpose of the government is

to help people learn about and perform their civic and moral duties

The purpose of a writ of habeas corpus is to protest the individual against

unlawful detention


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