Mod 08: Nation Building in the Americas

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Manifest Destiny

- Coined by John O'Sullivan - come to America to work hard, job opportunity, land opportunity - god ordained right from sea to sea - James Pope - Louisiana Purchase

Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (Mexico)

- gains control after Augstin I resigns (1823) - "Napoleon of the West" - very authoritarian - led the army into San Antonio (the alamo)

Agustin de Iturbide (Mexico)

- gains supports of Creoles - assures Catholicism and end of discrimination - makes himself Emperor - war destroys economy and most remain poor creates independent Mexico

Father Miguel Hidalgo (Mexico)

- led peasant and Indian revolt (90k) - not well organized and Creoles do not support - captured and executed

Mexican-American War

- wanted the land of CA (GOLD) - loses 1/2 country (Texas, Cali, Southwest) - offers to buy, San Antonio says no = war

Bill of Rights (United States)

1st 10 amendments to restrain power of strong government

Jose de San Martin

Argentina became an independent nation as a result of this man. Led Mexico in revolt and worked with Bolivar to free Peru from Spanish rule

Battle of Boyacá

Simon Bolivar leads independence of Columbia (1810), Venezuela (1811), Ecuador (1822) from Spain

Latin America Revolutions

Struggle between Creoles and Peninsulares Influenced by Enlightenment ideals (freedom and Liberty) Inspired by American and French revolutions

Thomas Cochrane

This former British naval man assisted in the overthrow of the Viceroy of Peru with the Help of San Martin Independence of Peru

Articles of Confederation (United States)

This was the first constitution of the United States. 13 independent states loosely held together (no central government)

Monroe Doctrine

United States policy of opposing European colonialism in exchange for US to stay out of European involvement

Constitutional Convention (United States) 1789

creates strong federal government 3 branches of government (checks and balances)

Missouri Compromise

dispute between number of slave and free states; Missouri entered as slave state and Maine as a free state states above 36'30 line was a free state states below 36'30 line was a slave state

Compromise of 1850

dispute over newly acquired land California admitted as free state Slave trade in DC was banned but slavery still legal Popular sovereignty in Mexican cession lands Fugitive slave law THIS LEADS TO THE CIVIL WAR

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

ends the Mexican-American war - gains: Cali, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Arizona

Simon Bolivar

goal to create Republics in South America. "The Liberator"

Dom Pedro

left as regent; declares Brazil independent of Portugal (1822)

Joao

the Portuguese heir escapes invading France, falls in love with country, forced back to Portugal after defeat of Napoleon or family would have lost crown


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