Mod 08: Nation Building in the Americas
Manifest Destiny
- Coined by John O'Sullivan - come to America to work hard, job opportunity, land opportunity - god ordained right from sea to sea - James Pope - Louisiana Purchase
Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (Mexico)
- gains control after Augstin I resigns (1823) - "Napoleon of the West" - very authoritarian - led the army into San Antonio (the alamo)
Agustin de Iturbide (Mexico)
- gains supports of Creoles - assures Catholicism and end of discrimination - makes himself Emperor - war destroys economy and most remain poor creates independent Mexico
Father Miguel Hidalgo (Mexico)
- led peasant and Indian revolt (90k) - not well organized and Creoles do not support - captured and executed
Mexican-American War
- wanted the land of CA (GOLD) - loses 1/2 country (Texas, Cali, Southwest) - offers to buy, San Antonio says no = war
Bill of Rights (United States)
1st 10 amendments to restrain power of strong government
Jose de San Martin
Argentina became an independent nation as a result of this man. Led Mexico in revolt and worked with Bolivar to free Peru from Spanish rule
Battle of Boyacá
Simon Bolivar leads independence of Columbia (1810), Venezuela (1811), Ecuador (1822) from Spain
Latin America Revolutions
Struggle between Creoles and Peninsulares Influenced by Enlightenment ideals (freedom and Liberty) Inspired by American and French revolutions
Thomas Cochrane
This former British naval man assisted in the overthrow of the Viceroy of Peru with the Help of San Martin Independence of Peru
Articles of Confederation (United States)
This was the first constitution of the United States. 13 independent states loosely held together (no central government)
Monroe Doctrine
United States policy of opposing European colonialism in exchange for US to stay out of European involvement
Constitutional Convention (United States) 1789
creates strong federal government 3 branches of government (checks and balances)
Missouri Compromise
dispute between number of slave and free states; Missouri entered as slave state and Maine as a free state states above 36'30 line was a free state states below 36'30 line was a slave state
Compromise of 1850
dispute over newly acquired land California admitted as free state Slave trade in DC was banned but slavery still legal Popular sovereignty in Mexican cession lands Fugitive slave law THIS LEADS TO THE CIVIL WAR
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
ends the Mexican-American war - gains: Cali, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Arizona
Simon Bolivar
goal to create Republics in South America. "The Liberator"
Dom Pedro
left as regent; declares Brazil independent of Portugal (1822)
Joao
the Portuguese heir escapes invading France, falls in love with country, forced back to Portugal after defeat of Napoleon or family would have lost crown