Anatomy and physiology
Carbon 13 has______ protons & ____________ neutrons, and 6 electrons
6, 7
The spinal cord contains _ pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs of thoracic nerves, _ pairs of lumbar nerves, _ pairs sacral nerves, and 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
8, 5, 5
Match the structure name with its label.
A: cervical enlargement B: lumbosacral enlargement C: conus medullaris D: cauda equina E: filum terminale
Match the structure with the letter in the diagram. This is a posterior view of the right leg.
A: posterior femoral cutaneous nerve B: sciatic nerve C: tibial nerve D: common fibular nerve E: lateral sural cutaneous nerve
Match the structure with the letter in the diagram
A: superior trunk B: middle trunk C: lateral trunk D: inferior trunk E: posterior cord F: medial cord
The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is
Antebrachial
The lumbar plexus is subdivided into a(n) _ division and a _ division
Anterior, posterior
Match the reflex with its action
Biceps reflex: flexes elbow Triceps reflex: extends elbow Cremasteric reflex: elevates testis Patellar reflex: extends knee Planter reflex: flexes toes
One important branch of the cervical plexus is the phrenic nerve, which is formed primarily from the _ nerve and some contributing axons from _
C4, C3 and C5
The ciliary muscle and the iris of the eye receive postganglionic axons from which ganglion?
Ciliary ganglion
Parasympathetic innervation of which muscles results in lens accommodation?
Ciliary muscle
The two main branches of a spinal nerve are the ventral and _ rami
Dorsal
The greater petrosal nerve is a branch of the parasympathetic preganglionic axons of the __
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Which branch of the parasympathetic preganglionic axons exiting the facial nerve terminates at the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Greater petrosal nerve
Protons are found
In the atomic nucleus
Parasympathetic innervation from the postganglionic axons of the pterygopalatine ganglion cause the lacrimal glands and small glands of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and palate to
Increase secretion
In the spinal cord, the gray matter may be subdivided into the following components: anterior, posterior, and _ horns, and the gray commissure
Lateral
Deep to the subarachnoid space, is a delicate, innermost meningeal layer composed of elastic and collagen fibers. This layer is known as the _
Pia mater
The spinal meninges consist of the __ mater, __ mater, and __ mater. (Superficial to deep)
Pia, arachnoid, dura
Upon reaching the axilla, the posterior and anterior divisions of the brachial plexus converge to form three cords, the medial, lateral and _ cords
Posterior
Substances that dissolve in water are called
Solutes
The _ ganglion supplies postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands to increase their secretions
Submandibular
The anatomical term for ankle is
Tarsal
The outermost (energy) electron shell is referred to as the
Valence shell
The _ horns primarily house the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
anterior
Nerve plexuses are organized such that axons from each __ extend to body structures through several different branches
anterior ramus
The left and right sacral plexuses are formed from the _ rami of spinal nerves _ and are located immediately inferior to the lumbar plexuses
anterior, L4-S4
A flat, thin structure made of dense connective tissue that serves to attach a muscle to a bone (or to another muscle) is a(n):
aponeurosis
Each lateral funiculus contains both ___ and ___ tracts.
ascending, descending
Deep to the epidural space is the most external of the meninges, the ___ mater
dura
The serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located
in the pericardial cavity, between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers.
The spinal cord in an adult is _ than the vertebral canal that houses it
shorter
Deep to the arachnoid mater is the ___ space, which is a real space filled with ___ fluid
subarachnoid/cerebrospinal
The sciatic nerve is actually composed of two divisions wrapped in a common sheath. What are the two divisions?
tibial and common fibular
The axons within each white matter funiculus are organized into smaller structural units called _
tracts
The left and right brachial plexuses are networks of nerves that supply the _
upper limb
Which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ?
visceral layer