Anatomy and physiology

Carbon 13 has______ protons & ____________ neutrons, and 6 electrons

6, 7

The spinal cord contains _ pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs of thoracic nerves, _ pairs of lumbar nerves, _ pairs sacral nerves, and 1 pair of coccygeal nerves

8, 5, 5

Match the structure name with its label.

A: cervical enlargement B: lumbosacral enlargement C: conus medullaris D: cauda equina E: filum terminale

Match the structure with the letter in the diagram. This is a posterior view of the right leg.

A: posterior femoral cutaneous nerve B: sciatic nerve C: tibial nerve D: common fibular nerve E: lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Match the structure with the letter in the diagram

A: superior trunk B: middle trunk C: lateral trunk D: inferior trunk E: posterior cord F: medial cord

The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is

Antebrachial

The lumbar plexus is subdivided into a(n) _ division and a _ division

Anterior, posterior

Match the reflex with its action

Biceps reflex: flexes elbow Triceps reflex: extends elbow Cremasteric reflex: elevates testis Patellar reflex: extends knee Planter reflex: flexes toes

One important branch of the cervical plexus is the phrenic nerve, which is formed primarily from the _ nerve and some contributing axons from _

C4, C3 and C5

The ciliary muscle and the iris of the eye receive postganglionic axons from which ganglion?

Ciliary ganglion

Parasympathetic innervation of which muscles results in lens accommodation?

Ciliary muscle

The two main branches of a spinal nerve are the ventral and _ rami

Dorsal

The greater petrosal nerve is a branch of the parasympathetic preganglionic axons of the __

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Which branch of the parasympathetic preganglionic axons exiting the facial nerve terminates at the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Greater petrosal nerve

Protons are found

In the atomic nucleus

Parasympathetic innervation from the postganglionic axons of the pterygopalatine ganglion cause the lacrimal glands and small glands of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and palate to

Increase secretion

In the spinal cord, the gray matter may be subdivided into the following components: anterior, posterior, and _ horns, and the gray commissure

Lateral

Deep to the subarachnoid space, is a delicate, innermost meningeal layer composed of elastic and collagen fibers. This layer is known as the _

Pia mater

The spinal meninges consist of the __ mater, __ mater, and __ mater. (Superficial to deep)

Pia, arachnoid, dura

Upon reaching the axilla, the posterior and anterior divisions of the brachial plexus converge to form three cords, the medial, lateral and _ cords

Posterior

Substances that dissolve in water are called

Solutes

The _ ganglion supplies postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands to increase their secretions

Submandibular

The anatomical term for ankle is

Tarsal

The outermost (energy) electron shell is referred to as the

Valence shell

The _ horns primarily house the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

anterior

Nerve plexuses are organized such that axons from each __ extend to body structures through several different branches

anterior ramus

The left and right sacral plexuses are formed from the _ rami of spinal nerves _ and are located immediately inferior to the lumbar plexuses

anterior, L4-S4

A flat, thin structure made of dense connective tissue that serves to attach a muscle to a bone (or to another muscle) is a(n):

aponeurosis

Each lateral funiculus contains both ___ and ___ tracts.

ascending, descending

Deep to the epidural space is the most external of the meninges, the ___ mater

dura

The serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located

in the pericardial cavity, between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers.

The spinal cord in an adult is _ than the vertebral canal that houses it

shorter

Deep to the arachnoid mater is the ___ space, which is a real space filled with ___ fluid

subarachnoid/cerebrospinal

The sciatic nerve is actually composed of two divisions wrapped in a common sheath. What are the two divisions?

tibial and common fibular

The axons within each white matter funiculus are organized into smaller structural units called _

tracts

The left and right brachial plexuses are networks of nerves that supply the _

upper limb

Which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ?

visceral layer