Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 3

Which is the correct sequence of the following events of protein synthesis? tRNA recognizes a complementary mRNA codon calling for its amino acid by binding via its anticodon to the codon. Released tRNA reenters the cytoplasmic pool. mRNA attaches to the ribosome, and translation begins. mRNA is made on the DNA template. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, a new amino acid is added to the growing peptide chain.

4-3-1-5-2

________ tissue is commonly called fat.

Adipose

Some neoplasms are benign while others are malignant. Which of the following descriptions is true for a malignant neoplasm? slow growing may become a killer due to relentless growth seldom kills its host surrounded by a capsule All of these are true descriptions of a malignant neoplasm.

*****may become a killer due to relentless growth

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of adipose tissue? It helps maintain blood pressure. It insulates the body. It stores fat. It protects the body from extremes of heat and cold. It provides cushioning to some organs.

****It helps maintain blood pressure.

Which statement best characterizes connective tissue? 1) It is always arranged in a single layer of cells. 2) It consists of cells arranged in many strata. 3) It is usually composed of a large amount of extracellular matter. 4) It is found connecting the brain to the spinal cord. 5) It has one surface exposed to the exterior of the body or to the interior of a hollow structure.

3

What is the significance of granulation tissue?

It is formed during tissue repair

Which of the following types of epithelial tissue usually forms membranes where filtration, or exchange of substances by diffusion, occurs?

Simple squamous

________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells.

Smooth

What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?

Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink.

What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane?

active transport

Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the ________ surface.

apical

Sometimes an abnormal cell mass can develop in the human body. It can take control of the cell cycle, and cell division can malfunction. Which of the following does NOT describe all neoplasms? tumor cancer control of the cell cycle and cell division malfunction "new growth" abnormal cell mass

cancer

Of the different types of muscle tissue, only __________ is both involuntary AND contains intercalated discs.

cardiac muscle

Which type of muscle is characterized by the presence of striations and intercalated discs?

cardiac muscle

The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is ________ tissue.

connective

A large amount of extracellular material is a characteristic of which type of tissue?

connective tissue

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

What type of tissue has cells that are tightly packed, sits on a basement membrane, is avascular, and is easily regenerated?

epithelium

What process permits absorption of glucose into cells?

facilitated diffusion

What type of membrane junction allows ions to pass directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell?

gap junction

Solution A has triple the salt content of normal blood plasma. The solution is __________, and in it red blood cells will __________.

hypertonic; shrink or crenate

Cells in a __________ solution will burst (lyse) as water rushes into the cell in an attempt to reach osmotic balance.

hypotonic

What term describes an abnormal cell mass that may easily invade surrounding tissues?

malignant neoplasm

Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue?

movement is involuntary and cells possess striations

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses?

nervous tissue

The cell type found in nervous tissue is the ________.

neuron

After a heart attack, the heart's ability to pump is lessened. This is because __________.

non-functional scar tissue replaces functional muscle tissue

The tendency of water to move down its own concentration gradient is a characteristic of the process called __________.

osmosis

What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane?

osmosis

Bone is best described as ________.

osseous tissue

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic?

phospholipid "tails"

Microvilli and cell junctions are specializations of which major cell region?

plasma membrane

When a person is severely burned, fluid accumulates in pockets of skin called blisters. Which of the following cellular structures has been damaged and is the ultimate cause of fluid accumulation?

plasma membrane

The __________ scattered in the lipid bilayer is/are responsible for most of the specialized functions of the plasma membrane.

proteins

The ______________ scattered in the lipid bilayer is/are responsible for most of the specialized functions of the plasm membrane.

proteins

Which of these components add specialized functions to the plasma membrane?

proteins

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________.

regeneration

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

reticular connective tissue

Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm?

ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm

The type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestines is ________.

simple columnar

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________.

simple squamous epithelium

What tissue is specialized for the rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients across its cells?

simple squamous epithelium

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________.

smooth muscle

Many layers of flattened cells should be termed ________ epithelial tissue.

stratified squamous

In an area where an epithelium is subjected to considerable wear and tear, you would expect to find __________.

stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

stratified squamous epithelium

In ___________________, adjacent plasma membranes fuse together tightly, like a zipper.

tight junctions

Which cell junctions prevent substances from passing between adjacent cells?

tight junctions

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function are called _________.

tissues

Which type of tissue is NOT readily repaired if damaged?

tissues whose mature cells are amitotic

What process does a cell use to make an RNA copy of a segment of DNA?

transcription

Which of the following molecules brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

transfer RNA

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

transitional epithelium

________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces.

Exocrine