Sociology Test One Mid-Term

true

A more common word for "superego" in Freud's model of personality would be "conscience." T/F

true

A peer group is a social group whose members share common interests, social position, and a similar age. T/F

ethnocentrism

A person who criticizes an Amish farmer as foolish or backward for tilling his fields using horses and a plow instead of a tractor is exhibiting..

status set

At a given time, you occupy a number of statuses. Together, these statuses form your...

men avoid asking for directions and don't want to depend on others

Harold and Sybil are lost, and despite Sybil's insistence, Harold refuses to stop and ask for directions. This chapter-opening story shows that..

diffusion

Levi's jeans are a hot fashion item in Russia. The desire of Russians to follow U.S. fashion trends is an example of..

false

Over the course of the last century, the mass media have had less and less influence on people in the United States. T/F

patterns of social inequality

The social-conflict approach draws attention to what?

true

The sociological perspective reveals that personal decisions such as whom we marry are shaped to a large degree by our social environment. T/F

structural-functional approach

The theoretical approach in sociology that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the?

symbolic-interaction approach

Which theoretical approach highlights the fact that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as the meaning they attach to their behavior?

true

being male or female, or black or white, is an ascribed status. T/F

False

beliefs are standards that serve as broad guidelines for living. T/F

human society

sociology is the systematic study of...

george herbert meades view of the 'self'

the part of an individual's personality composed of self awareness and self-image

social interaction

the process by which people act and react in relation to others is called..

high culture

If you were to attend a New York City Ballet performance, you would experiencing..

men commonly control more space than women

In what way do men and women typically differ in their use of space?

master status

Julie is a police officer who finds that wherever she goes out in her small town (even out of uniform), people seem to think of her as a cop. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

true

Many hand gestures, such as the "okay" sign, can have significantly different meanings around the world. T/F

true

New symbols are created all the time, as in the new language by which people "text-message" via their cell phones. T/F

false

Sociological generalizations are the same as simple stereotypes. T/F

true

Validity refers to actually measuring exactly what one intends to measure? T/F

people see themselves as they think others see them

When Charles Horton Cooley used the concept "looking-glass self," he was referring to the fact that

anticipatory socialization

When people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, they are engaging in...

role strain

Which of the following is involved when a plant supervisor wishes to be a good friend and hang out with the workers, but must also keep a personal distance to remain objective in order to assess the workers' performance?

structural-functional approach

Which theoretical approach states that the stability of U.S. society rests on the core values shared by the majority of people?

power over others

Women often take the family name of the man they marry. In sociological terms, this is an example of how language can be used to convey

folkways; mores

______ are rules about everyday casual living; ______ are rules with great moral significance

false

a college is a good example of a total institution. T/F

theory

by linking specific facts together to give us meaning, we create..?

are part of every known culture.

cultural universals are common practices and beliefs that...

happiness, sadness, anger, and fear

documented emotions found around the world...

without social experience, a child is incapable of meaningful thought or action.

studies of children raised in isolation, show that..

manifest functions

the recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as..?

invention, discovery, and diffusion.

the text states that cultural change is set in motion in three general ways...

personality

what concept refers to an individual person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?

social structure

what concept refers to relatively stable patterns of social behavior?