Anatomy and Physiology chapters 1&2
the anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology
true
the diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities
true
kidneys are part of the lymphatic system
false
oxygen represents the primary source of raw materials used for the building of new living material
false
which of the following is most clearly related to the function of the muscular system
the production of body heat
Homeostasis
the tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment
which of the following is characteristics of carbohydrates
they contain C,H,O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms. They provide much of the energy that the cell needs. They often are stores as reserve energy supplies
a cell represents the basic unit of structure and function of an organism
true
lipids are characterized by
A group of substances that are insoluble in water. A number of compounds such as phospholipids, cholesterol and fats. Fat molecules containing C, H, & O but the proportion of oxygen is much smaller than in carbohydrates.
the pH scale can be described as a scale in which
A tenfold difference in the hydrogen ion concentration occurs between each whole number on the scale The lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration pH values above 7 are basic
Acids
Electrolytes that release H+ in water
physiologist
An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how the rate at which the heart beats is affected by temperature changes is most likely to be a
Synthesis
Building of large molecules from smaller building blocks
a general function of nucleic acids is that
DNA stores genetic information
which of the following organ is located in the abdominal cavity
Kidney
physical and chemical changes or reactions that occur within the body are collectively known as
Metabolism
sucrose
Monosaccharides glucose and fructose bonded together
the four most abundant elements in the human body are
O,C,H,N
which of the following is not concerned with maintaining the life of an adult organism
Reproduction
Responsiveness
The ability of an organism to sense changes that take place within its body is an example of
hydrogen bond
a bond easily broken and put back together
the formula H2O means
a molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
sagittal section
a section that separates the body into right and left portions
electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are called
acids
saturated fats are distinguished by
all carbon atoms being joined with single carbon-carbon bonds
H+ and OH-
are always balance
elements are composed of
atoms
a covalent bond is characterized by
atoms sharing pairs of electrons
ions
atoms that have gained or lost electrons
the role played by oxygen in the body is to
be used in the release of energy from glucose during respiration
Atoms give up, accept, or share electrons in order to
become stable
An electrovalent (ionic) bond is characterized by
being formed by oppositely charged atoms(ions), atoms gaining and others losing electrons, and oppositely charged atoms being being electrically attracted to one another.
covalent bond
bond formed by equal sharing of electrons
Glycogen
carbohydrate stored in liver and skeletal muscles
Cellulose
carbohydrate that humans cannot digest
organic substances always contain the elements
carbon and hydrogen
which of the following substances compromise 95% of the human body?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Steroids
cholesterol and sex hormones
matter is composed of
elements
O2
gas used to release energy from food
the most common monosaccharide
glucose
monomers (building blocks) of fats
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
growth
implies an increase in body size without any important changes in shape
when atoms combine with other atoms,
interactions occur between their electrons
how is oxygen used by living organisms
it is used to release energy that is stored in food
if an atom has 3 electrons in its second shell and its first shell is filled, it will tend to
lose 3 electrons from its second shell
pH scale
measures concentration of H+ in a solution
a complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of
negative electrons and positive protons are equal
a solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions would be called
neutral
the activities of an anatomist consist of
observing body parts
unsaturated fats are distinguished by
one or more double bonded to carbon atoms
Nutritionally good fats
one or more double bonds in fatty acid chain
which of the following list best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?
organelles, cells,tissues, organ systems
which of the following is not an example of an organic substance?
oxygen
major cell membrane component
phospholipids
Metabolism
physical and chemical changes occurring in an organism
unequal sharing of electrons results in
polar bond
an enzyme is defined as a
protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted
homeostasis is the condition whereby body parts function efficiently only when the concentrations of water, food substances, and oxygen, and the conditions of heat and pressure
remain within certain limited ranges
which if the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct?
responsiveness-ability of an organism to sense changes taking place inside or outside its body and to react to these changes
a person has alkalosis if the blood pH
rises above 7.5
What organ system is responsible for the production of blood cells?
skeletal system
the dorsal cavity
spinal ad cranial smaller cavities
the activities of a physiologist consist of
studying the function of the body parts
the thoracic cavity lies where in relationship to the abdominal cavity?
superior
the difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH4 and pH5 is
tenfold
which of the following is not apart of the female reproductive system
the bulbourethral gland
what system is the heart apart of
the cardiovascular system
the pH scale measures the
the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
the organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine system
true
the most abundant compound in the human body
water
