Anatomy and Physiology chapters 1&2

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the anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology

true

the diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities

true

kidneys are part of the lymphatic system

false

oxygen represents the primary source of raw materials used for the building of new living material

false

which of the following is most clearly related to the function of the muscular system

the production of body heat

Homeostasis

the tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment

which of the following is characteristics of carbohydrates

they contain C,H,O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms. They provide much of the energy that the cell needs. They often are stores as reserve energy supplies

a cell represents the basic unit of structure and function of an organism

true

lipids are characterized by

A group of substances that are insoluble in water. A number of compounds such as phospholipids, cholesterol and fats. Fat molecules containing C, H, & O but the proportion of oxygen is much smaller than in carbohydrates.

the pH scale can be described as a scale in which

A tenfold difference in the hydrogen ion concentration occurs between each whole number on the scale The lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration pH values above 7 are basic

Acids

Electrolytes that release H+ in water

physiologist

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how the rate at which the heart beats is affected by temperature changes is most likely to be a

Synthesis

Building of large molecules from smaller building blocks

a general function of nucleic acids is that

DNA stores genetic information

which of the following organ is located in the abdominal cavity

Kidney

physical and chemical changes or reactions that occur within the body are collectively known as

Metabolism

sucrose

Monosaccharides glucose and fructose bonded together

the four most abundant elements in the human body are

O,C,H,N

which of the following is not concerned with maintaining the life of an adult organism

Reproduction

Responsiveness

The ability of an organism to sense changes that take place within its body is an example of

hydrogen bond

a bond easily broken and put back together

the formula H2O means

a molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

sagittal section

a section that separates the body into right and left portions

electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are called

acids

saturated fats are distinguished by

all carbon atoms being joined with single carbon-carbon bonds

H+ and OH-

are always balance

elements are composed of

atoms

a covalent bond is characterized by

atoms sharing pairs of electrons

ions

atoms that have gained or lost electrons

the role played by oxygen in the body is to

be used in the release of energy from glucose during respiration

Atoms give up, accept, or share electrons in order to

become stable

An electrovalent (ionic) bond is characterized by

being formed by oppositely charged atoms(ions), atoms gaining and others losing electrons, and oppositely charged atoms being being electrically attracted to one another.

covalent bond

bond formed by equal sharing of electrons

Glycogen

carbohydrate stored in liver and skeletal muscles

Cellulose

carbohydrate that humans cannot digest

organic substances always contain the elements

carbon and hydrogen

which of the following substances compromise 95% of the human body?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Steroids

cholesterol and sex hormones

matter is composed of

elements

O2

gas used to release energy from food

the most common monosaccharide

glucose

monomers (building blocks) of fats

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

growth

implies an increase in body size without any important changes in shape

when atoms combine with other atoms,

interactions occur between their electrons

how is oxygen used by living organisms

it is used to release energy that is stored in food

if an atom has 3 electrons in its second shell and its first shell is filled, it will tend to

lose 3 electrons from its second shell

pH scale

measures concentration of H+ in a solution

a complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of

negative electrons and positive protons are equal

a solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions would be called

neutral

the activities of an anatomist consist of

observing body parts

unsaturated fats are distinguished by

one or more double bonded to carbon atoms

Nutritionally good fats

one or more double bonds in fatty acid chain

which of the following list best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?

organelles, cells,tissues, organ systems

which of the following is not an example of an organic substance?

oxygen

major cell membrane component

phospholipids

Metabolism

physical and chemical changes occurring in an organism

unequal sharing of electrons results in

polar bond

an enzyme is defined as a

protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

homeostasis is the condition whereby body parts function efficiently only when the concentrations of water, food substances, and oxygen, and the conditions of heat and pressure

remain within certain limited ranges

which if the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct?

responsiveness-ability of an organism to sense changes taking place inside or outside its body and to react to these changes

a person has alkalosis if the blood pH

rises above 7.5

What organ system is responsible for the production of blood cells?

skeletal system

the dorsal cavity

spinal ad cranial smaller cavities

the activities of a physiologist consist of

studying the function of the body parts

the thoracic cavity lies where in relationship to the abdominal cavity?

superior

the difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH4 and pH5 is

tenfold

which of the following is not apart of the female reproductive system

the bulbourethral gland

what system is the heart apart of

the cardiovascular system

the pH scale measures the

the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

the organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine system

true

the most abundant compound in the human body

water


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