anatomy and physiology lab 4 bone

Lacunae (compact bone)

small cavities that contain osteocytes

articular cartilage

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints

fused bones of vertebrae

coxis and sacrum

spongy bone location

deep to compact bone

red marrow location

located in epiphysis; spongy bone

periosteum and endosteum

A bone is covered externally with a sheath called ______________, whereas the internal surface is lined with _____________.

Periosteum

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.

Osteon

A structural unit of compact bone consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric cylindrical lamellae of matrix. osteon 骨质，骨元

long, short, flat, irregular bones

Categories of Bones

Endosteum Membrane

Delicate connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface Covers trabeculae of spongy bone Lines canals that pass through compact bone Contains osteogenic cells that can differentiate into other bone cells

axial and appendicular skeleton

Division of skeleton

epiphyseal plate

Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies

Central Canal of Haversian System of compact bone

Haversian systems contain a central canal (Haversian canal) that serves as a pathway for blood vessels and nerves. The bone is deposited along concentric rings called lamellae.

spongy bone function

Produce blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis

amphiarthrotic joints

Slightly movable, separated with cartilage. Ex: Symphysis pubis, manubriosternal joint, or with cartilage discs (vertebrae).

Haversian system of compact bone

The osteon or haversian system /həˈvɜːr.ʒən/ (named for Clopton Havers) is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone.

osteocytes in lacunae

_______ are mature bone cells, found within the matrix in tiny cavities called _____

fused bones of pelvis

bone has developed between two or more bones to connect them.; The pelvis (or hip bone) is made up of three regions that have fused to form two coxal bones. They are: ilium, ischium, and pubis.

trabeculae of spongy bone

branched networks of bone matrix; the thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure in a cancellous bone, located at the ends of long bones and in the pelvis, ribs, skull, and vertebrae

medullary cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

be prepared to identify the bone is left or right

clavicle, scapula, humerus, os coxae, femur, tibia

os coxae (hip bone)

composed of the fused ilium, ischium, pubis, and acetabular bones

hyaline cartilage location

ends of bones, nose, and rings in walls of respiratory passages; Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage on the articular surfaces of bones

epiphysis of long bone

ends of the bone, composed mostly of spongy bone

compact bone location

external layer of all bones diaphysis of long bones

Ilium of coxal bone

flat

yellow and red marrow

found in the marrow cavity, yellow-lipid, red-produces blood cells

Diarthrotic (synovial) was

freely movable

Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

hundreds of connective tissue fibers that secure the periosteum to the underlying bone

Three types of cartilage

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Ischium of coxal bone

is the L-shaped posterior portion of the coxal bone

fused bones of the sternum

manubrium, sternum body, & xiphoid process

Osteocytes

mature bone cells; a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.

other names of hip bone

os coxa, pelvic bone or coxal bone

Lamellae (compact bone)

rings of bone matrix within bone matrix within an osteon

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

Diaphysis (long bone)

shaft of a long bone

Canaliculi (compact bone)

small channels that connect lacunae; allow for nutrient exchange and cellular communication between osteocytes

yellow marrow

stores fat

bone articulations

synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic (synovial)

red marrow

thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation

Volkmann's canal (perforating canal)

transverse canal; small channels in bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that lie perpendicular to and communicate with the haversian canals; provide energy and nourishing elements for osteons.