anatomy and physiology lab 4 bone
Lacunae (compact bone)
small cavities that contain osteocytes
articular cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
fused bones of vertebrae
coxis and sacrum
spongy bone location
deep to compact bone
red marrow location
located in epiphysis; spongy bone
periosteum and endosteum
A bone is covered externally with a sheath called ______________, whereas the internal surface is lined with _____________.
Periosteum
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.
Osteon
A structural unit of compact bone consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric cylindrical lamellae of matrix. osteon 骨质,骨元
long, short, flat, irregular bones
Categories of Bones
Endosteum Membrane
Delicate connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface Covers trabeculae of spongy bone Lines canals that pass through compact bone Contains osteogenic cells that can differentiate into other bone cells
axial and appendicular skeleton
Division of skeleton
epiphyseal plate
Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies
Central Canal of Haversian System of compact bone
Haversian systems contain a central canal (Haversian canal) that serves as a pathway for blood vessels and nerves. The bone is deposited along concentric rings called lamellae.
spongy bone function
Produce blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis
amphiarthrotic joints
Slightly movable, separated with cartilage. Ex: Symphysis pubis, manubriosternal joint, or with cartilage discs (vertebrae).
Haversian system of compact bone
The osteon or haversian system /həˈvɜːr.ʒən/ (named for Clopton Havers) is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone.
osteocytes in lacunae
_______ are mature bone cells, found within the matrix in tiny cavities called _____
fused bones of pelvis
bone has developed between two or more bones to connect them.; The pelvis (or hip bone) is made up of three regions that have fused to form two coxal bones. They are: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
trabeculae of spongy bone
branched networks of bone matrix; the thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure in a cancellous bone, located at the ends of long bones and in the pelvis, ribs, skull, and vertebrae
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
be prepared to identify the bone is left or right
clavicle, scapula, humerus, os coxae, femur, tibia
os coxae (hip bone)
composed of the fused ilium, ischium, pubis, and acetabular bones
hyaline cartilage location
ends of bones, nose, and rings in walls of respiratory passages; Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage on the articular surfaces of bones
epiphysis of long bone
ends of the bone, composed mostly of spongy bone
compact bone location
external layer of all bones diaphysis of long bones
Ilium of coxal bone
flat
yellow and red marrow
found in the marrow cavity, yellow-lipid, red-produces blood cells
Diarthrotic (synovial) was
freely movable
Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
hundreds of connective tissue fibers that secure the periosteum to the underlying bone
Three types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Ischium of coxal bone
is the L-shaped posterior portion of the coxal bone
fused bones of the sternum
manubrium, sternum body, & xiphoid process
Osteocytes
mature bone cells; a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.
other names of hip bone
os coxa, pelvic bone or coxal bone
Lamellae (compact bone)
rings of bone matrix within bone matrix within an osteon
Diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis (long bone)
shaft of a long bone
Canaliculi (compact bone)
small channels that connect lacunae; allow for nutrient exchange and cellular communication between osteocytes
yellow marrow
stores fat
bone articulations
synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic (synovial)
red marrow
thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation
Volkmann's canal (perforating canal)
transverse canal; small channels in bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that lie perpendicular to and communicate with the haversian canals; provide energy and nourishing elements for osteons.