Anatomy Ch 8 Mindtap

brain damage that results in spastic quadriplegia

Cerebral palsy

inflammation of the brain commonly due to a viral infection

Encephalitis

a seizure disorder characterized by convulsions and loss of consciousness

Epilepsy

increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain due to overproduction and/or blockage

Hydrocephalus

inflammation of the linings of the brain and spinal cord due to a viral or bacterial infection

Meningitis

decreased levels of dopamine lead to tremors, shuffling gait, and muscle rigidity

Parkinson's disease

Which type of glial cells comprise the blood-brain barrier? a. Astrocytes b. Microglia c. Oligodendrocytes d. Schwann cells

a. Astrocytes

What is created when a neuron is stimulated and ions move briefly causing the inside of the neuron to be more positive than the outside? a. Repolarization b. Action potential c. Resting membrane potential d. Diffusion

b. Action potential

Which part of the brain controls body functions related to skeletal muscles? a. Pons b. Cerebellum c. Sulci d. Spinal cord

b. Cerebellum

What does the word root cephal mean? a. Nerve b. Head c. Water d. Brain

b. Head

Which lobe of the cerebrum receives and interprets pain, touch, heat, cold, and balance impulses? a. Frontal b. Parietal c. Temporal d. Occipital

b. Parietal

Name the three divisions of the nervous system.

central, peripheral, autonomic

autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin sheath of nerve cell axons, leading to weakness, numbness, vision changes, and nystagmus

multiple sclerosis

viral infection of the spinal cord that causes paralysis

poliomyelitis

What are the two main communication systems of the body? a. Nervous and endocrine systems b. Nervous and circulatory systems c. Circulatory and endocrine systems d. Nervous and respiratory systems

a. Nervous and endocrine systems

The narrow canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain is called the a. cerebral aqueduct. b. cerebrum. c. lateral ventricle. d. cerebral cortex.

a. cerebral aqueduct.

What body functions are regulated by the brain stem? a. Heart rate, blood pressure, respirations b. Voluntary muscle movements c. Temperature and water balance d. Vision and hearing

a. Heart rate, blood pressure, respirations

What is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which immune cells attack the myelin sheath of nerve and cell axons? a. Multiple sclerosis b. Parkinson's disease c. Dementia d. Alzheimer's disease

a. Multiple sclerosis

Which of the following terms describes a counterblow or an injury that occurs beneath the skull on the opposite side of the impact? a. Coup b. Contrecoup c. Quadriplegia d. Paraplegia

b. Contrecoup

Which neurons carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands? a. Associative neurons b. Efferent neurons c. Afferent neurons d. Interneurons

b. Efferent neurons

Which division of the nervous system consists of the nerves of the body? a. Central nervous system b. Peripheral nervous system c. External nervous system d. Autonomic nervous system

b. Peripheral nervous system

What area controls reflexes? a. Cerebellum b. Spinal cord c. Cerebrum d. Frontal lobe

b. Spinal cord

A nerve cell process that carries nervous impulses toward the cell body is called a(n) a. neuron. b. dendrite. c. myelin sheath. d. axon.

b. dendrite.

The posterior part of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland is the a. cerebrum. b. diencephalon. c. cerebellum. d. brain stem.

b. diencephalon.

An inflammation of the brain is known as a. meningitis. b. encephalitis. c. poliomyelitis. d. osteomyelitis.

b. encephalitis.

A localized mass of blood collection that occurs in the spaces between the meninges is called a a. concussion. b. hematoma. c. hydrocephalus. d. poliomyelitis.

b. hematoma.

A bypass or shunt operation that diverts the cerebrospinal fluid is treatment for a. meningitis. b. hydrocephalus. c. encephalitis. d. cerebral palsy.

b. hydrocephalus.

The word root cerebell means a. spider's web. b. little brain. c. channel. d. membrane.

b. little brain.

What receives stimuli from receptor sites in the sensory organs and transmits them to the brain and spinal cord? a. Efferent neuron b. Associative neuron c. Afferent neuron d. Glial cell

c. Afferent neuron

What does the word root cerebr mean? a. Head b. Nerve c. Brain d. Water

c. Brain

Which division of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord? a. Peripheral nervous system b. Autonomic nervous system c. Central nervous system d. External nervous system

c. Central nervous system

Which of the following conditions is characterized by recurring and excessive discharge from neurons leading to hallucinations, seizures, and loss of consciousness? a. Meningitis b. Poliomyelitis c. Epilepsy d. Parkinson's disease

c. Epilepsy

What makes it possible for messages to cross the synapse of a neuron to a target receptor? a. Synaptic cleft b. Membrane excitability c. Neurotransmitters d. Myelin sheath

c. Neurotransmitters

What contains a center that controls respiration? a. Sulci b. Spinal cord c. Pons d. Cerebellum

c. Pons

The extension of the neuron that carries the messages away from the nerve cell body is the a. dendrite. b. neuron. c. axon. d. myelin sheath.

c. axon.

Nerves carry impulses by creating electric charges in a process known as a. sulci. b. corpus callosum. c. membrane excitability. d. gyri.

c. membrane excitability.

Carrying messages from the sensory neurons to the brain for interpretation and the response from the brain to the muscles and glands is a major function of the a. hypothalamus. b. cerebrospinal fluid. c. spinal cord. d. occipital lobe.

c. spinal cord.

What part of the nervous system interprets messages from all over the body, responds to the messages and carries out activities? a. Spinal cord b. Spinal nerves c. Cranial nerves d. Brain

d. Brain

What is considered the "brain" of the brain? a. Thalamus b. Cerebellum c. Pons d. Hypothalamus

d. Hypothalamus

Which portion of the brain contains the nuclei for vital life functions? a. Hypothalamus b. Thalamus c. Cerebellum d. Medulla oblongata

d. Medulla oblongata

Which type of headache is characterized by throbbing pain occurring on one side of the head that gradually spreads, along with nausea and vomiting? a. Cluster b. Sinus c. Tension d. Migraine

d. Migraine

Which part of the brain contains the area responsible for speech comprehension? a. Frontal lobe b. Parietal lobe c. Occipital lobe d. Temporal lobe

d. Temporal lobe

What part of the brain produces cerebrospinal fluid? a. Fissures b. Sulci c. Cerebrum d. Ventricles

d. Ventricles

Dementia is defined as a. chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. b. rhythmic shaking. c. a problem remembering recently learned information. d. a loss in at least two areas of complex behavior.

d. a loss in at least two areas of complex behavior.

Paraplegia is a. a loss of movement and feeling in the trunk and all four extremities. b. a loss of movement in both arms. c. a loss of movement and sensation on one side of the body. d. a loss of movement and feeling in the trunk and both legs.

d. a loss of movement and feeling in the trunk and both legs.

A symptom of multiple sclerosis is nystagmus, which is a. tremors of the hands. b. difficulty speaking words. c. weakness of the extremities. d. involuntary movement of the eyes.

d. involuntary movement of the eyes.

The three membranes enclosing the brain and spinal cord are the a. synapse. b. neuroglia. c. dendrites. d. meninges.

d. meninges.

The nerve cell sheaths are destroyed in a. epilepsy. b. cerebral palsy. c. meningitis. d. multiple sclerosis.

d. multiple sclerosis.

The fatty substance that protects the axon is called a. dendrite. b. neuron. c. axon. d. myelin sheath.

d. myelin sheath.

A synapse is a. the specialized covering of the axon. b. the nerve cell. c. a type of cell that insulates, supports, and protects the neurons. d. the space between adjacent neurons through which an impulse is transmitted.

d. the space between adjacent neurons through which an impulse is transmitted.