Orientation to Deafness
Why is important to clearly distinguish Of/For/By when it comes to organizations?
"Of" the deaf usually means that organizations are run by hearing people and "for" the deaf usually means that they are run by deaf people. Understanding those words will provide different things.
Define culturally separate.
A cultural separate Deaf person is someone who keeps their contacts with hearing people to a minimum.
Define culturally isolated individual
A culturally islolated individuals choose not to be affiliated with the Deaf Community.
One of the most distinctive marks of Deaf culture is:
ASL
Define culturally marginal individuals
Culturally marginal individuals are individuals who don't really indentify with either the Deaf or hearing Community. These people may not speak or hear well enough to function in the hearing society and they can't sufficiently use sign language to fit into the Deaf community.
What was DPN and why is it important?
DPN was a student protest that stands for Deaf President Now. This protest was to appoint a Deaf president for Gallaudet University a school for the Deaf. This school had never had a Deaf President till after the protests.
What does De'VIA stand for and what is it?
De'VIA stands for Deaf View/Image Art. De'VIA represents deaf artists and is a form of art for the deaf community to express their feelings through art.
The label by which the majority of members of the Deaf community prefer to be identified:
Deaf
List the parameters of ASL:
Hand shape, palm orientation, location, movement, and facial expression
What are some of the difficulties deaf people may experience while trying to communicate with people in certain disabled populations?
Most members of the disabled population are hearing and do not sign. Some people in the disabled population don't have the use of their arms or sight so it is nearly impossible to communicate.
Explain the historical significance of the Deaf good-bye.
Technology wasn't as developed as it is today, so when Deaf people said good-bye to each other that means they wouldn't see them until their next planned meeting. Because they didn't have a telephone to use, this was a true good-bye and a discussion of when they would be meeting again and a good-bye hug.
What is the title of the first ASL Dictionary and who were the authors?
The Dictionary of American Sign Language Authors: William Stokoe, Dorthy Casterline and Carol Croneberg
"D"eaf ( also referred to as Big D deaf) refers to:
The characterization of deaf individuals who use sign language as their primary mode of communication, identify with deaf culture, and participate in the Deaf community.
Of the 5 labels associated with the Deaf community, which is often shunned by members of the community?
The label Hearing-impaired is often shunned because people who are deaf do not feel impaired in any way
Why does the WFD use blue as the color of their Unity ribbon?
To show solidarity among world Deaf leaders to advocate for social justice for Deaf people, especially in developing countries. The color blue was chosen because blue was the color given to Deaf people by the Natzis. Wearing the blueis to pledge yourself not only to the memory of those who have suffered, but to those who are suffering today.
VRI is ___________________________.
Video remote interpreting
What are the 2 basic systems for assigning name signs and explain what they mean? Give an example of each.
arbitrary- not based on a physical, behavioral or personality characteristic- totally random- ASL letter handshape at chin for female, or forehead for male descriptive- name sign is symbolic of a physical trait, tendency or behavioral characteristic- asl letter at lip for a mustachioed man, asl letter mimicing curly hair for a woman with curly hair
List the 4 domains that Deaf community members must satisfy to achieve a comfortable place within the community:
audiological social political linguistic
Is Deaf culture considered to be a collectivist culture or individualistic?
collectivist
Provide 3 examples of events which much up the "cornerstone of present-day Deaf culture." Why are these events so important?
deaflympics, Deaf Way conference, and national Deaf exhibitions. These events are so important because people reaffirm and celebrate their culture and language.
Define ableism
discrimination or prejudice against individuals with physical, mental, or developmental disabilities
According to Carol Padden, the predominate values of Deaf people are:
language, disassociation from speech, social relations, and stories of literature.
What is a noun-verb pair in ASL? Give 2 examples.
when signs are identical in hand shape, location, and palm orientation, but differ only in the movement. Two examples are sit/ chair and fly/airplane.
What are some of the barriers to the Universal Solutions, as suggested by Holcomb?
-In less developed countries, Deaf people are usually relegated to the bottom of the society and alloted meager resources for obtaining a solid education or employment. -People with financial means will most likely have children placed in oral programs, speech therapy, cochlear implant surgery, etc.
What are the different pieces of information (4) that are given when deaf people introduce themselves?
-a persons first and last name -where they are from -work related information -names of deaf relatives
What are some examples of common attention getting devices/behaviors used within the deaf community? Be sure to specify in which situations they are used.
-foot stomping and light flickering are effective with the absence of hearing people. Not used very often when hearing people are around. - hand waving and body tapping are used in similar groups because they are less intrusive. -Tapping of the shoulder is most common especially when two people are in a close proximity.
What are the different pieces of information (4) that are given when hearing people (that can sign) introduce themselves to deaf people?
-hearing status -if they have deaf relatives for trying to connect -their reason for learning ASL -sharing details of their ASL class and who their teachers are
Briefly explain the 2 opposing perspectives on diversity.
1) The Dead Community is especially accepting of differences 2) Because of limited access to information on multiculturalism, deaf people are more conservative reguarding diversity.
The World Federation of the Deaf ws founded in the year _________.
1951
PL 94-142 was enacted in the year____________.
1975
What are the Universal Solutions, as described in our text book?
1: Belonging to a translocal and transnational community 2: Creating opportunities for congregation 3: Participating in straight talk 4: adopting a Can-Do attitude 5: Preserving the right to use a signed language
List 3 components of the "90% formula" as it relates to deaf people:
3 components of the 90% formula consist of more than 90% of people who are deaf are born to hearing parents, 90% of these parents have had no experience with people who are deaf prior to their child being born, and 90% of deaf adults have hearing children.
______________ is the most powerful and important solution created by Deaf people for effective living.
ASL
What, according to Dr. Kannapell, are the linguistic variations among deaf people?
ASL monolinguistic- only competent in ASL ASL dominant bilinguals- deaf people who have skills in both english and asl but are more fluent in asl balanced bilinguals- deaf people who are able to use both asl and english equally well english dominant bilinguals-deaf people who are more fluent in english than in asl english monolinguals- deaf people who have no knowledge of asl and use english as their primary language semi-linguals- deaf person with limited skills in both english and asl
What are the 4 types of handshape rhymes?
Alphabetical Handshape Numerical Handshape Particular Handshape Worded Handshapes
The first Deaf actor to perform on a television program in a featured role was: __________________.
Audree Norton
What is the name of the oldest Deaf publication that is still in existance?
Buff and Blue, the student newspaper of Gallaudet University (now an online publication)
Define CODA.
Children of Deaf adults
List the 5 stages of Cultural Awareness and briefly describe each.
Conformity: many members of oppressed groups spend years trying to conform to what is society's expectation of their disenfranchised community. Dissonance Stage: a person is exposed to the positive aspects of the stigmatized community for the first time, which makes them rethink their affiliation with the group of people. Resistance and Immersion: Individuals become determined to learn more about their cultural identity and attempt to associate with people from their culture as much as possible. Introspection Stage: People begin to reexamine the extreme stance they may have adopted in the previous stage. Awareness Stage: People come to terms with who they are, and are a piece with themselves and their relationships with their families.
Define culturally captive individuals
Culturally captive individuals are people who grew up without and knowledge of the Deaf community maybe because they were sheltered as a child by their parents or the educational system.
Why were Deaf Clubs so important in a pre-technology laden time?
Deaf Clubs were so important in the pre-technology laden time because television shows were not captioned making it harder deaf people to enjoy TV. There were also no TTYs or videophones making it impossible for Deaf people to keep in touch with other people via telephone. These reasons caused Deaf people to flock to Deaf Clubs on a regular basis.
This was the slogan for the National Association of the Deaf in the mid 190s: _________________________________________.
Deaf People Are Good Workers!
Define Deaf dominant bicultural
Deaf dominant bicultural is for people who can function around both hearing and Deaf people, but they prefer to be around other Deaf people or people that can sign.
List some reasons why Deaf schools are cherished by the Deaf Community.
Deaf people were responsible for the establishment of at least 24 Deaf schools and spearheaded the battle to keep them open. They also provided Deaf children with respite from a lonely life in a home where family member and community members do not sign.
The main reason why deaf schools were established in the United States in the 1800s was:
Deaf schools were established because the use of sign language became prohibited in English speaking classrooms and people who would use sign language in class were punished.
Explain the discourse elements in ASL turn taking.
Discourse elements are dictated by the use of eye gaze, hands, and facial expression, whereas tone of a voice serves this in spoken English.
What is audism?
Discrimination or prejudice based on a persons ability or lack of ability to hear .
What was an important way that Deaf people tried to disassociate themselves from the disabled community in the past?
Eliminating the word "asylum" from educational settings serving Deaf children.
What are the two venues of Deaf Lit?
English through writing and ASL through videos
Identify and explain the 3 types of social behaviors, as described by the textbook. Give examples of each as they apply to Deaf culture.
Explicit- governed rule/ laws is usually unique to Americans and viewed as strange. (Deaf organizations requiring board members to be Deaf) Tactic- behaviors that are monitored by the members of the community. (keeping others informed, detailed introductions, persistence, and name signs) Emblematic- behaviors that are not required or expected, but are not shocking or inappropriate if exhibited. (straight talk, openness, and a desire for Deaf children)
Define Focal Vocabulary and give some examples.
Focal Vocabulary is a specialized set of terms and distinctions that is particularly important to a certain group. One example is people having different signs for their affiliation with the deaf community or their identity.
Define Hearing dominant bicultural
Hearing dominant bicultural is people who can function fairly well within the Deaf community but they have relatively limited contacts with other Deaf people because of where they live, or even personal preference.
PL 94-142 is also known as ____________________________________________.
Individuals with Disabilities Act
Why is the Dual Language approach to Deaf education important?
It allows deaf to become fully literate and capable of interacting effectively with their fellow americans, hearing or deaf.
_________________ was the first deaf author to publish a book in America
James Nack
What are some of the 'stereotypically' cultural behaviors that Deaf Americans share with Latin, Japanese and German hearing people?
Latin: touching Japanese: checking with the group German: direct communication
What action did the leaders of NAD call for in regards to deaf peddlers and why?
NAD wanted these people arrested because they casted such a negative image of Deaf individuals who were totally capable of getting a job.
This law, [A], provides deaf and disabled children with free and appropriate public education in the [B] environment.
PL 94-142 least restrictive
In Pamela Weisman's TEDx, she discusses her discomfort when trying to sign an introduction in an ASL class. What was the poignant response from her teacher that changed her perspective?
Pamela's teacher said that how Pamela felt is how the deaf feel when they go out into the hearing community. People who are deaf can't always say what they want to because people don't understand it.
What was the issue that Gallaudet students had with one of the new Presidential nominees in 2006?
She wasn't Deaf enough and didn't learn ASL until she was an adult.
List the core values of contemporary Deaf culture:
Solutions for effective communication, access to information, validation of the deaf experience, and complete acceptance of being Deaf as a normal existence.
Nearly [A]% of deaf children in deaf schools have additional handicapping conditions, such as [__________B_______________].
Specified Answer for: A 33 Specified Answer for: __________B_______________ autism, emotional or behavioral disorders, ADD, and learning disabilities
Section [A] of the [B] mandates that agencies receiving federal funds must provide equal access to deaf and disabled individuals.
Specified Answer for: A 504 Specified Answer for: B Rehabilitation Act
The first deaf school established in France was [A], founded in the year [B]
Specified Answer for: A Institut National De Jeunes Sourds Specified Answer for: B 1760
The Deaf Banquets were started in [A], in the year [B]
Specified Answer for: A Paris, France Specified Answer for: B 1834
The first school for the deaf founded in the USA was [A], located in [B].
Specified Answer for: A The American School for the Deaf Specified Answer for: B Hartford, Connecticut
Per Ludos Aequitas translates to: [A] and is the motto of [B].
Specified Answer for: A equality through sport Specified Answer for: B ICSD
The two main types of De'VIA art are [___A_____] and [____B____]
Specified Answer for: ___A_____ resistance Specified Answer for: ____B____ affirmation
Cincinnati Deaf Club originated in (year) [____A____]. Its current location is at [_____B_______] and has been at that location since the year[____C_____]. There have been a total of [___D___] locations since the Club originated.
Specified Answer for: ____A____ 1944 Specified Answer for: _____B_______ 3938 Spring Grove Ave Specified Answer for: ____C_____ 1975 Specified Answer for: ___D___ 4
Why aren't there a lot of Autobiographies by Deaf individuals?
Tales of personal triumph, in which the individual rises above others, are frowned upon. Rather then demeaning their fellow citizens, stories of how individuals help preserve the integrity of their communities in the face of oppression are most respected.
Differentiate the use of the term "community" as it relates to the general hearing population versus deaf community:
The deaf community was created to allow people who are deaf to escape the loneliness and isolation of living in a predominantly hearing and English speaking society. Hearing culture is also considered the mainstream American culture and the deaf community is not considered mainstream.
Explain what is meant by the phrase "Hearing-But".
The label "Hearing-But" was designated for hearing people who have exhibited an extraordinarily positive attitude toward deaf people and have a deep respect for the deaf culture.
What is the main goal of schools shifting to English-based sign systems vs using pure ASL? Is this effective?
The main goal of shifting to an English-based sign system was to improve English language acquisition among deaf students. This was not effective because most children had then only been exposed to the controversial sign language by their teachers and when out of school they needed and wanted to seek exposure of deaf elders for help in ASL language.
Explain what is meant when someone refers to a 'pathological view" of deafness.
The pathological view of deafness is considered the medical view. A pathological view of deafness is looked at as a disability that can be corrected with medical treatments.
"d"eaf (small d deaf) refers to:
The physiological condition of not hearing regardless of whether or not they choose to identify with the Deaf community.
Explain what is meant by the author of your text stating: "Deaf Lit relies heavily on the 'oral tradition'"
Things get passed down from generation to generation, face to face, and person to person without being written down.
What protections did the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 afford people with disabilities?
This act made it illegal for any federal government agency to discriminate against disabled and Deaf people in both the provision of services and employment practices. It explicitly states that agencies receiving federal funds must provide equal access to disabled and Deaf individuals.
Define Balanced Bicultural indentity.
This identity consists of individuals who are truly in both the Deaf and hearing communities. These people can communicate equally as proficient in both communities and don't have a preference with identifying with either group.
What are some of the protections offered to deaf people under the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)? Please be specific.
employment- provide reasonable accommodations transportation- visual paging for route changes public accommodations- visual alerts and alarms telecommunications- relay services, closed captioning education- can't be denied admissions due to deafness
Deaf peddlers are respected and well received in the Deaf community.
false
Deaf people use name signs to address a person that is present in the conversation.
false
It is considered acceptable to correct a deaf person on their signs.
false
Sign Language is a universal language.
false
The Deaf President Now movement was only important to the Deaf Community.
false
The field of Early Hearing Detection & Intervention is supportive of the Deaf community.
false
There are plans to combine the Deaflympics and the Paralympics Organization.
false
List the 5 labels associated with the Deaf community.
hearing-impaired Deaf hard of hearing hearing "hearing-but"
List the 5 hallmarks of a culture:
language heritage customs arts family or "cultural players"
Variations in which ASL parameter can be viewed as conveying adverbs: _____________________
movement
What are the levels of linguistic analysis.
phonology morphology syntax discourse
What is a Pidgin language? What is it typically called when applied to ASL?
pidgin occurs when attempts are made by speakers of two different language to communicate and that is primarily a simplified form of one of the lanugages, with reduced vocabulary and grammatical structre ad considreable variation in pronunciation. In ASL is is called Contact signing.
The 2 places the book discusses as being places of enculturation into Deaf community in the 20th Century:
residential schools or at home for deaf children born into deaf familes.
What are the types of organizations and associations in place to allow for effective living for deaf people? Give examples for each.
social activities- deaf clubs, athletic events- united states deaf sports federation political function-protecting their rights and access self-help- improving access for deaf people special interest groups- deaf women united, national deaf asian conference spiritual/religious support- sermons in sign language or interpreted, asl bible study large gatherings- learn about new technology that can benefit dea community, tradeshows, all-deaf cruises, etc
What is one of the major themes associated with Deaf Literature?
the attainment of a healthy, positive identity as a member of a minority group.
Linguisticism means:
the false belief that ASL contributes to difficulties in learning English among deaf children therefore should not be used by parents and educators
What is the goal of the World Federation of the Deaf?
to unite national organizationsof the deaf all over the world in promoting self-determination of deaf people in each country to help establish deaf-run national organizations in countries where there were none.
Alexander Graham Bell was a strong supporter of the Eugenics movement.
true
It is acceptable to walk between two signers, provided there is no other way to get around them.
true
Stem cell research is developing a solution to reestablish hearing through nerve regeneration.
true
The United States was the first country in the world to enact legislation that specifically prohibits discrimination against all disabled and deaf people.
true
