Age of Reform:Pre-Test
Which of these lines from the text provides a clue that Engels is a socialist and therefore opposed to capitalism?
"the attempts of the proletariat to rise above this abasement"
What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?
They used force to end union activities
Only 5% were able to vote. Only wealthy landowners were able to vote. Large cities were extremely underrepresented.
What were 3 major problems of the British parliamentary system?
Social protest and to protect themselves from poor working conditions.
What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?
Britain abolished slavery
in 1833, before the United States did.
The word for political or social change is
reform
In terms of production, what best describes the difference between capitalism and socialism?
Capitalism is a system in which goods are made by private businesses, but socialism stresses government control over production.
In 1807, he achieved a ban on British slaves.
How was William Wilberforce, a member of Parliament, able to affect the future of slavery in Britain?
What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts (1844-1847) affected labor?
Labor's work hours were limited.
Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform?
Lewis Hine
Political or social change
What is reform?
Revolutions were spreading across Europe.
What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800's?
Adam Smith believed that fair prices for goods are determined in a capitalist system
through competition between businesses.
Working conditions were horrible.
As the 1800's progressed, demands for labor reform increased. What was the main reason for this?
Which statement best explains Smith's point?
Businesses acting in their own interests expect something in return for their services.
What is the main idea of this passage?
Industrialization has created poor working and living conditions for the people.
The joined unions. They formed women's suffrage organizations. They won property rights.
Name 3 ways did women use their positions in the workforce to demand rights?
Workers can lose their jobs. Factory production can be stopped. Profits can be threatened. Strikes sometimes can turn violent.
Name 4 things that can happen when unions decide to strike.
What were the major problems in the British parliamentary system? Check all that apply.
Only five percent of the population was able to vote. Only wealthy landowners were able to vote. Large cities were extremely underrepresented.
Which best explains what Marx hoped to get across?
Workers are slaves and should be inspired to revolt.
During industrialization, which led to an exploration of new economic theories?
a gap between rich and poor
What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?
as a form of social protest and to protect themselves from poor work conditions
Women did not get the right to vote in Britain or in the United States until
the 1920s
What does the author argue is most responsible for America's wealth?
the achievements of individuals who have worked to create wealth for themselves
In a free market, supply and demand determines
the type and number of goods produced.
Why was this picture most likely taken?
to expose the horrors of child labor
According to Smith, what is the primary economic motivation for most people?
to find employment where they can make the most money
What was the authors' most likely purpose in writing this passage?
to inspire the workers of the world to join the communists
In a dictatorship of the proletariat, who controls the government?
working classes
As the 1800s progressed, demands for labor reform increased mainly because
working conditions were horrible.
What moderate reforms did European socialists support? Check all that apply.
assistance for the poor better working conditions minimum wage laws
Negotiation between union leaders and business management is called
collective bargaining
When union leaders negotiate with business management, it is called
collective bargaining
Karl Marx developed the economic theory of
communism.
According to Karl Marx, the economic ideas behind socialism would lead to a
communist revolution
As economic theories, socialism and communism sought to
even out inequalities of wealth.
Workers competed for jobs in the model factory started by Robert Owen because
he built schools.
What two principles form the basis for capitalism?
private ownership and free markets
Compulsory education and attendance laws were passed.
What happened, in the 1870's, in both the United States and Britain that limited child labor?
During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery?
Calls for the abolition of slavery increased
In general, which best explains why communist revolutions did not happen?
Capitalist governments enacted reforms.
In both Britain and the United States, what happened in the 1870s that limited child labor?
Compulsory education and attendance laws were passed in both countries.
Calls for the abolition of slavery increased.
During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery?
What are the characteristics of capitalism? Select all that apply.
Farms and factories are owned by private individuals. People are free to pursue their own self-interests. Supply and demand determine which goods, and how many, are produced.
What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800s?
Revolutions were spreading across Europe.
According to the passage, how do people pursuing their own self-interests benefit society?
The highest-paying jobs are also those that benefit the society the most.
How did women use their positions in the workforce to demand rights? Check all that apply.
They joined unions. They formed women's suffrage organizations. They won property rights.
laws that limited child labor and provided a little education at their place of work
What are the Factory Acts?
They used force to end union activities.
What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?
It abolished slavery.
What did the 13th amendment do?
the movement to end slavery
What is abolition?
A worker negotiating with an employer for better working conditions or pay
What is collective bargaining?
It gave voting rights to the middle class.
What was a major accomplishment of the British Reform Act of 1832?
The change from hand goods to machine goods
What was industrialization?
Labor's work hours were limited.
What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts affected labor?
Collective bargaining
What would be labor's first step in solving labor problems and effecting change?
In 1833, before the United States.
When did Britain abolish slavery?
1920's
When did women get the right to vote in Britain and the United States?
A highly religious man who tried to end slavery in Britain.
Who was William Wilberforce?
Lewis Hine
Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform?
