anatomy chapter 4 study guide
In order to warm the body up when cold, _________.
Arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright
Which of the following is an indication of melanoma
a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors
Which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basil
basal cell carcinoma
People who produce a lot of melanin have a skin tone that is
brown
what provides toughness to the dermis and holds water in this layer?
collagen fibers
The outer most layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________?
corneum
A splinter pierces through the epidermal layers of the sole of the foot in the following order:
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale, lucidum
The only dry membrane is the
cutaneous membrane
which layer of the hair contains the most keratin?
cuticle
What type of cutaneous gland produces sweat that cools the body upon evaporation from the skin?
eccrine gland
The two main layers of skin are ______.
epidermis and dermis
The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ______ glands because they release secretions to the skins via ducts.
exocrine
Collagen and elastic fibers are common in the epidermis of the skin
false
Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn.
false
Milia are most common during old age when secretions accumulate in the sebaceous glands
false
The epidermis is made mostly of dense fibrous connective tissue
false
The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.
false
synoviol membranes occur in pairs with a parietal and visceral layer
false
when an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that the blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will radiate
false
What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis
first
Where does hair growth occur?
hair matrix
James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed?
hair shaft
Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is _______.
impetigo
Skin and it's derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the ________.
integumentary system
which of the following is a vital function of the skin?
it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D
which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders?
jaundice
Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is:
keratin
Where are mucous membranes found?
lining the inside of the stomach
The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the ________.
lunule
Hair color is due to a pigment known as ________.
melanin
The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) That occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of _______.
melanin
which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color
melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
Which type of cell provide pigment for hair color?
melanocytes
What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCD rule?
melanoma
The following membranes lines body cavities that are open to the exterior
mucous
Fingerprints and foot prints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________.
papillary layer
which of the following contains chemicals that kill bacteria and prevent bacterial invasions of the skin?
sebum
which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria
sebum
nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. what type of burned as the patient most likely have?
second
The pleura and pericardium are examples examples of __________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.
serous
which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer
serous
the epidermis is composed of ________.
stratified squamous epithelium
which layer of the epidermis forms the nail ned?
stratum basale
which layer is affected when a scrape affects the most superficial epidermal layer
stratum corneum
which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?
stratum corneum
Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.
subcutaneous tissue
The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.
synovial
which of the following reduces friction in movable joints such as the knee?
synoviol fluid
which of the following membranes is composed of loose areolar connective tissue
synoviol membrane
White, cheesy - looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby skin while it is floating and it's water filled sac inside the mother is called
vernix caseoa
TRUE or FALSE; nails and hair are both composed of keratin?
TRUE
which of the following stimulates eccrine sweat glands to release sweat?
both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially males hormones
the ABCDE rule is used for classifying burns
false
nails and hair are both composed of keratin
true
Which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect
D stands for diagnosis
Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?
Vitamin D
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands or cutaneous glance associated with the skin
true
The arrector pill muscle contracts and pulls hairs up right when we are cold or frightened
true
The connective tissue composing the dermis is made of two regions; the papillary and the reticular areas
true
The majority of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes
true
apocrine glands Are associated with hair follicles and the armpit and genital regions
true
aprocrine gland secreations are normally odorless, and may be milky or yellowish in color
true
both serious fluid and synovial fluid serve as lubricants in their respective locations
true
pigments that contribute to the skin color are melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
true
squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum
true
the rule of nines is used to estimate how much of the body surface is burnes
true
those nails and hair are produced by stratum basale of the epidermis
true
A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by _________.
using the "rule of nines"