Anatomy Chapter 5

Thick skin is the only type of skin that contains the stratum ______. lucidum basale granulosum spinosum corneum

Lucidum

The epidermis is comprised of layers called ______. strata membranes papillae

Strata

Indicate the layer of the epidermis with the highest rate of mitotic division. Stratum spinosum Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum basale

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the______. stratum corneum stratum spinosum stratum basale stratum lucidum stratum granulosum

Stratum Basale

Identify the layer of the epidermis indicated by letter C. Multiple choice question. Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum (c) Stratum basale Stratum lucidum

Stratum Granulosum

Identify the layer of the epidermis labeled D. Stratum lucidum (D) Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum

Stratum Lucidum

(in need of editing) Identify the layer of the epidermis indicated by the letter B. Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum (B) Stratum corneum

Stratum Spinosum

Skin is attached to underlying bone and muscle by the ______ tissue.

Subcutaneous

Energy storage is a function of the______. subcutaneous tissue epidermis dermis

Subcutaneous Tissue

Why is intact skin extremely resistant to penetration and abrasion? The skin regenerates quickly. The stratum corneum is a thick layer of keratinized dead cells. The epidermis is avascular. The stratum basale contains stem cells which fight pathogens.

The stratum corneum is a thick layer of keratinized dead cells.

Indicate the analogy that best represents the structure and role of the subcutaneous tissue. The subcutaneous tissue is like the walls of a house. The subcutaneous tissue is like the roof of a house. The subcutaneous tissue is like the foundation of a house.

The subcutaneous tissue is like the foundation of a house.

A mother of a toddler visits her pediatrician because her child is turning yellowish-orange. Lab tests indicate no abnormality. What could be causing the orange coloration? The toddler's diet consists of mostly corn and carrots. The mother has been feeding the baby orange soda. There is no logical explanation for this coloration change. The toddler was in the sun too long.

The toddler's diet consists of mostly corn and carrots.

The stratum lucidum ______. appears transparent has a relatively high mitotic rate is only present in thin skin has dispersed keratohyalin around keratin fibers

appears transparent has dispersed keratohyalin around keratin fibers

The layer of the epidermis resting directly upon the dermis is the stratum

basale, basal, or germinativum

Thin skin typically contains the following strata ______ corneum, lucidum, spinosum, basale basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum lucidum, basale, spinosum, and granulosum corneum, lucidum, basale, spinosum, and granulosum

basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum

Thin skin typically contains the following strata ______. corneum, lucidum, spinosum, basale basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum corneum, lucidum, basale, spinosum, and granulosum lucidum, basale, spinosum, and granulosum

basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum

The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is located ______ to the dermis. deep superficial

deep

The newest keratinocytes are located in the ______ layers of the epidermis.

deep

The newest keratinocytes are located in the ______ layers of the epidermis. superficial deep

deep

In humans, palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet typically ______. do not have hair exhibit hair growth

do not have hair

List the strata of the epidermis from the deepest layer to the most superficial.

1. Stratum Basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Lucidum 5. Stratum Corneum

Place the layers of the epidermis in order from deepest to most superficial.

1. Stratum Basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Lucidum 5. Stratum Corneum

What is cyanosis? A bluish skin tone that develops from decreased blood oxygen A red skin tone that develops from too much blood in skin A yellow skin tone that develops from bilirubin in the blood

A bluish skin tone that develops from decreased blood oxygen

How often does a stem cell in the stratum basale undergo mitosis? About once a month About twice a year About every 5 days About every 19 days

About every 19 days

How often does a stem cell in the stratum basale undergo mitosis? About twice a year About once a month About every 19 days About every 5 day

About every 19 days

Glands are considered _____ skin structures. integral accessory primary essential

Accessory

The subcutaneous layer has an abundant supply of ______. muscle adipose tissue stratified squamous epithelial tissue dense regular connective tissue

Adipose Tissue

The presence of keratin and the many layers of dead cells found in the stratum corneum are significant because they ________. increase the rate of shedding of skin cells insulate the body and prevent heat loss provide easy passageways for macrophage movement allow the skin to resist abrasion and penetration

Allow the skin to resist abrasion and penetration

Select the statements that describe calluses. Are localized thickenings in the stratum corneum Develop in areas of high pathogen intrusion Are localized thickenings in the papillary layer of the dermis Develop in areas subject to heavy friction or pressure

Are localized thickenings in the stratum corneum Develop in areas subject to heavy friction or pressure

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the stratum ______. corneum basale spinosum granulosum

Basale

Describe melanocytes Branching cells found in the dermis Branching cells found in stratum basale Cuboidal cells found in the stratum corneum Squamous cells found in the stratum spinosum

Branching cells found in stratum basale

Identify the strata of the epidermis that contain cells that are still mitotic. Cells in both the stratum granulosum and stratum basale Cells in both the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum Cells in both the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum Only cells in the stratum basale and stratum lucidum Only cells in the stratum basale

Cells in both the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum

Identify all of the statements that describe granules of keratohyalin. Are lipids that give structural support to the epidermis Accumulate in the cytoplasm of melanocytes Do not degenerate as the cell is pushed towards the stratum corneum Are proteins that give structural support to the epidermis Give the stratum spinosum its name

Do not degenerate as the cell is pushed towards the stratum corneum Are proteins that give structural support to the epidermis

Pigments in the skin and blood flow through the skin are both major determinants of skin_____.

Color

The thickness of the stratum corneum ______ to skin color. contributes does not contribute

Contributes

The stratum basale is composed of a single layer of ______ shaped cells. flattened or diamond squamous cuboidal or columnar

Cubodial or Columnar

Decreased blood oxygen content leads to a bluish skin tone. This skin tone is called ______. cyanosis hyperemia jaundice hypoxia

Cyanosis

Cells in the stratum spinosum are nourished by blood vessels located in the ______. stratum spinosum dermis stratum basale

Dermis

Cells in the stratum spinosum are nourished by blood vessels located in the______. stratum spinosum dermis stratum basale

Dermis

Most of the difference in total skin thickness results from variation in the thickness of the ______. epidermis dermis

Dermis

When the skin develops a reddish color due to a temporary increase in blood flow, the condition is called ______. cyanosis jaundice erythema

Erythema

True or false: Thin skin is found only on the eyelids.

False

Choose the components of the dermis. Fat and loose connective tissue Fibers, glands, blood vessels and nerve endings Simple cuboidal epithelium and mast cells Melanocytes and Langerhans cells

Fibers, glands, blood vessels and nerve endings

Which of these structures is covered by thin skin? Fingertips Forearm Palms of hands Toe tips Soles of feet

Forearm

A callus forms when skin is subjected to ______. chemicals friction or pressure hormones

Friction or Pressure

The type of melanin produced is determined by ______. genetics exposure to light diet

Genetics

Select all of the components of the dermis. Glands Nerve fibers Fibers Melanocytes Blood vessels

Glands Nerve fibers Fibers Blood vessels

Total skin thickness is ______ on your back than on the palms of the hands. greater lesser

Greater

The swollen portion at the base of a hair is called the ______. hair bulb hair shaft hair follicle hair root

Hair bulb

An individual that has a higher deposition of melanin in the skin would most likely______. have an increased risk of damage due to UV exposure have darker skin have lighter skin be an albino

Have darker skin

Hair______ an accessory skin structure. is not is

IS

Erythema is caused by a(n) ______ in blood flow to the skin which makes the skin appear more red or pink in color. increase decrease

Increase

Indicate the factors that do NOT directly determine the amount and rate of melanin production in an individual. Hormones levels Ingestion of dark, leafy vegetables Physical fitness Genetic factors Exposure to light

Ingestion of dark, leafy vegetables Physical fitness

Which statements describe the stratum basale? It is attached to the basement membrane. The cells are squamous in shape. It has multiple layers of cells. It is made up of a single layer of cells.

It is attached to the basement membrane. It is made up of a single layer of cells.

John's parents both have black hair and brown eyes. John has white hair and light blue eyes. What can you conclude? John was exposed to extreme levels of UV light. John is an albino. John does not eat yellow/orange vegetables.

John is an albino

Which one factor does NOT determine skin color? Blood flow through the skin Melanin deposition Carotene deposition Keratin deposition Thickness of the stratum corneum

Keratin Desposition

Match the cells of the epidermis with the correct function.

Keratinocyte-Reduce water loss Melanocyte-Promote skin color Langerhans cells-Immune cells Merkel cells-Detect touch and pressure

The epidermal cells that produce a protein that increases the durability of the skin are ______. melanocytes keratinocytes Merkel cell

Keratinocytes

Which cells are found in the dermis? Dead keratinocytes and Merkel cells Mast cells and chondrocytes Macrophages and fibroblasts

Macrophages and fibroblasts

The epidermis is protective because it has Blank______ cell layer(s).

Many

Describe the movement of melanin in the skin Melanin is transferred from keratinocytes to melanocytes. Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes. Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to Merkel cells. Melanocytes carry melanin with them as they migrate toward the skin surface.

Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes

Branching cells in the stratum basale that synthesize melanin are called ______. keratinocytes mast cells stem cells melanocytes

Melanocytes

Cells of the epidermis that produce the pigment responsible for skin color are ______. Langerhans cells Merkel cells keratinocytes melanocytes

Melanocytes

Melanin is found in which cells? Melanocytes and keratinocytes Only keratinocytes Melanocytes and Langerhans cells Only melanocyte

Melanocytes and keratinocytes

Females have proportionately______ adipose tissue than males less more

More

Thin skin is ______ flexible than thick skin more less

More

In humans, which of the following locations do not typically have hair? Palms of hands and soles of feet Nipples Abdominal surfaces Face Lips

Palms of hands and soles of feet Nipples Lips

Identify the item that is NOT a function of subcutaneous fat. Thermal insulation Energy reserve Production of vitamin D Cushioning of bony structures

Production of vitamin D

Which of these layers is the deepest layer? Papillary layer Reticular layer

Reticular layer

Identify the functions of the integumentary system. Multiple select question. Sensation of environmental stimuli Blood cell production Thermoregulation Resistance to infection Vitamin E synthesis

Sensation of environmental stimuli Thermoregulation Resistance to infection

Select the terms that describe the major regions of a hair. Epithelium Shaft Bulb Root Dermis

Shaft Bulb Root

Select the statements that describe keratinocytes in the superficial layer of the epidermis. The keratinocytes are dividing mitotically. The keratinocytes are cuboidal or columnar in shape. The keratinocytes are full of keratin. The keratinocytes are dead.

The Keratinocytes are full of keratin The Keratinocytes are dead

As keratinocytes move up through the layers of the epidermis, which of the following occur? Select all that apply. The most superficial keratinocytes begin to slough off. The rate of keratinocyte cell division increases dramatically. The cells begin to change shape. The cells change their chemical composition. The keratinocytes begin to produce increased amounts of melanin.

The most superficial keratinocytes begin to slough off. The cells begin to change shape. The cells change their chemical composition.

The skin of the palms of the hands is classified as______ skin. Thick Thin

Thick (bc of the constant pressure put on your hands)

The skin plays a role in the production of ______ when exposed to ______.

Vitamin D, Ultraviolet light

Carotene imparts a _____ color to healthy skin. blue brown yellow pink

Yellow

Carotene accumulation in skin is usually in ______ the dermis and stratum basale the stratum lucidum adipocytes and the stratum corneum

adipocytes and the stratum corneum

A genetic lack of melanin production causes a condition called

albinism

The functions of the epidermis include all of the following EXCEPT ______. prevention of the entry of chemicals and microorganisms reduction of water loss insulation and temperature regulation

insulation and temperature regulation

The stratum_______ of the epidermis is a transparent layer of dead cells only present in thick skin.

lucidum

At the center of each hair is a loosely arranged core of cells and air spaces. This region is called the ______. cortex follicle cuticle medulla

medulla

The dermis consists of two zones. The more superficial is the_______layer and the deeper is the_____layer.

papillary,reticular

Subcutaneous tissue contains of all of the following EXCEPT ______. stratified squamous epithelial tissue collagen and elastin fibers loose connective tissue fibroblasts and adipocytes macrophages

stratified squamous epithelial tissue

The skin on the fingertips is classified as ______ skin. thin thick

thick

Thick skin is found covering the ______. back of the neck tips of toes soles of feet palms of hands finger tips eyelids

tips of toes soles of feet palms of hands finger tips

Near the time of birth, lanugo hair is replaced by ______ hairs which are short, fine, and usually unpigmented, and ______ hairs which are typically long, coarse, and pigmented. terminal, vellus vellus, terminal

vellus, terminal