Anatomy final chapters 9, 10, 11, 12

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

Which structure prevents knee hyperextension?

ACL

What is the most common form of shoulder dislocation?

Downward displacement of humerus

What type of neuron comprises 90% of the neurons in the nervous system?

Association neurons

Why does resting membrane potential (RMP) exist?

Ions unequally distributed between ECF & ICF

What breaks the bond between the active site on actin and the myosin head?

New ATP

What supplies ATP for muscle contraction during short bursts of intense activity?

O2 & energy sources, e.g., glucose &fatty acids

What are the functions of myelin?

Protect and electrically insulate the axon Increase speed of nerve impulse transmission

What is the name of the joint between the diaphyses of the radius and ulna?

Proximal radioulnar joint

What type of joint is biaxial and exhibits an oval convex surface on one bone that fits into the concave depression on the other?

Saddle

Which glial cell forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Shwann Cells

What is the most injured SITS muscle?

Supraspinatus

What is rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid and has a viscous, slippery texture like raw egg whites?

Synovial Fluid

What makes the resting membrane potential slightly less negative than if the RMP was determined solely by potassium?

The voltage-gated potassium channels stay open a little longer than needed to bring the membrane back to its resting potential

What type of contraction occurs when you hear a loud noise behind you, and you look back over your left shoulder?

This was a contralateral contraction of your right sternocleidomastoid muscle

In an excitatory cholineragic synapse, the AP depolarizes at the axon terminal, opening what channels to trigger exocytosis of acetylcholine?

Voltage-gated sodium channels

What structure do the calcium ions bind to when muscle contraction is initiated?

actin myofilament

What beneficial adaptations occur during a lengthy aerobic training program?

improved capacity for oxygen extraction from the blood supply and an altered cellular control of energy metabolism

What is the name of the fibrocartilage that provides shock absorption, lubrication, and nutrition to the knee joint?

meniscus

What is spatial summation?

postsynaptic neuron is stimulated by a large number of terminals at the same time

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

sartorius muscle

What beneficial adaptations occur following anaerobic resistance training?

stimulates muscle growth, Growth is from cellular enlargement, hypertrophy

Which joints are cartilaginous joints?

synchondroses and symphyses

What is the name of the cartilaginous joint in which hyaline cartilage binds the bones together?

synchondrosis

What establishes the resting membrane potential?

1. Concentration Gradients 2. Electrostatic Pressure 3. Membrane Permeability 4. Active Ion Transport

What two types of joints are found in the shoulder region?

Ball and socket and maybe saddle

What would happen to the resting membrane potential of a resting neuron if the potassium leak channels were suddenly blocked?

Blocking them would greatly depolarize the cell

When a skeletal muscle lengthens, what helps it resist excessive stretching and subsequent injury to the muscle?

Collagen

What type of lever is the atlanto-occipital joint?

first class lever

Which monoamine neurotransmitter does an adrenergic synapse use that has an important role in your body's fight or flight response?

norepinephrine

What is a motor unit?

one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates


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