ANATOMY MIDTERM
The combination of extra cellular fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as
Matrix
Which cells are very sensitive to calcium levels in the blood
Muscle cells
Connective tissue structures that attach muscle to bone are called
Tendons
Structure K is where
The long bone joint with another bone
How could this tissue be described?
The tissue is for compression, which moves food through the organ
T/F: A small cut in the skin would be repaired through regeneration
True
T/F: The matrix hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers
True
T/F: the common name for the antebrachium is the forearm
True
The heart, lungs, and small intestine are in body cavities located on the ____________ side of the body
Ventral
Your doctor suggests that you increase your calcium intake to maintain your healthy bones. You do not understand why the doctor suggested this since you are a healthy 32-year-old. What was the doctors reasoning?
You are at an age where calcium levels in the bone may start to subside, producing weaker bones later in life
The Striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from
actin and myosin arrangement
Which connective tissue type provides insulation
adipose tissue
Which of the following regional terms means the anterior surface of the elbow
antecubital region
Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of red bone marrow?
blood cell production
Which of the following is a type of connective tissue
bone tissue
The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue is called
Calcification
The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the _________
Cardiovascular system
Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly
Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and other molecules must diffuse to the site of injury
Epithelial cells that are adapted for moving material along their apical surface usually have
Cilia
Skeletal muscle is to muscle tissue as bone is to ________________
Connective tissue
Which of the following accounts for almost 2/3 of the mass of bone tissue?
calcium phosphate
Neurons have
cell body, dendrites, and an axon
Which of the following is the correct sequence going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
The most diverse tissues of the body are
connective tissues
The most common type of cartilage is
hyaline
The antebrachial region is ___________ to the brachial region
inferior
The bones of the upper arms and thighs are classified as
long bones
_____________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body
metabolism
Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides
nervous system - responsiveness
Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function
nutrients
Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed
osteoblasts
Which of the following is found only in compact bone?
osteons
Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________ and ________
parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
A sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of striated muscle fibers is called
perimysium
Muscle fascicles are separated by
perimysium
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is
periosteum
The study of the function of the body and body parts is called:
physiology
An initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus in ___________.
positive feedback
A person who is lying on his or her stomach is said to be in the
prone position
Which of these is not a survival need
reproduction
The production of another human organism is the function of which of the following systems
reproductive
Characteristics of most living organisms include the ability to
respond and adapt to their environment
The area between Z lines is the
sarcomere
The terminal cisternae are structural features of the
sarcoplasmic reticula
During regeneration, fibroblasts produce a dense network of collagen fibers known as ________ tissue
scar
Tarsal bones are classified as _____ bones.
short
Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands
simple cuboidal
The type of epithelium that is found in the exchange surfaces of the lungs is
simple squamous
Which muscles are involuntary?
smooth and cardiac
Which tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs?
smooth muscle
Which of the following is a term used to describe the number of layers of epithelial cells
stratified
The main function of the respiratory system is
supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
neuroglial cells are
supporting cells around neurons
What is the anatomical term for the calf
sural
Which of the following is a correct statement about the stratified epithelial
they cover surfaces that are subjected to mechanical or chemical stress
Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function are
tissues
Groups of cells that have a common function are termed __________.
tissues
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called
trabeculae
Anterior is to ________ as posterior is to dorsal.
ventral
The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphysis 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at the primary ossification center
3, 1, 5, 4, 2
The region of a sarcomerer containing myosin, going from one end of the myosin molecules to the other end of the myosin molecules is the
A band
Which statement is true
An organ will likely be composed of different tissues
The armpit area is called the __________ region.
Axilla
Osteocytes
Maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves
A primary function of the skeletal system is
Maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids
The component of a homeostatic control system that provides the means for the control center's response is called the ______________
Effector
What is the main function of the urinary system
Eliminate metabolic waste from the body
Structure A is the
Epiphysis
The tissue type in the body that lines internal passageways is ____________ tissue
Epithelial
T/F: Correct anatomical position has the body erect and facing forward, hands at the side with palms facing forward, head facing forward, and feet turned out
False
T/F: collagen would be considered a component of the ground substance
False
T/F: smooth muscle cells are uninucleate spindle-shaped cells that are voluntary
False
T/F: stratified epithelium consists of one layer of epithelial cells
False
T/F: the maintenance of boundaries between the internal organs of the body and the outside world is achieved by the endocrine system
False
Which of the following cartilage types has little ground substance and has a matrix dominated by collagen fibers
Fibro cartilage
Skeletal muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that these muscle fibers
Have many nuclei
The area of the sarcomere that is the light region between two successive a bands is the
I band
Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support?
Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs
Covering, protection, and control of body temperatures are functions of which organ system of the human body
Integumentary
The primary function of _____________ is exemplified when bones function as to change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscle
Leverage
As a result of playing tennis in the summer heat without proper hydration, you have become very dehydrated. You are now in hypernatremia, a condition where your blood sodium levels are too high. Your brain tells you to drink water and, as a result, your blood sodium and hydration levels go back to normal. This illustrates
Negative feedback
During the process of _____________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone
Ossification
The bone cells that contribute to increases in calcium in blood are the
Osteoclasts
structure D is the
Periosteum
Perforating canals
Provide passageways from linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of periosteum and the marrow cavity
The type of epithelium found lining the trachea is
Pseudostratified columnar
In response to tissue injury, the process during which fibroblasts produce a dense network of collagen fibers that are known as fibrous tissue is the start of
Regeneration
This connective tissue is found in organs with an open meshwork of thin collagen fibers- liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. It facilitates diffusion and cell movements.
Reticular connective tissue
Which type of epithelial lines the stomach and intestinal tract
Simple columnar
Which of the following statements describes how muscles help maintain homeostasis?
Skeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature
The bone tissue at J is ____________ bone
Spongy
When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees
distal
Exocrine secretions are discharged onto some external or internal body surface through a
duct
Secretions that are discharged directly into the blood are characteristic of _____________ glands
endocrine
The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the
endocrine system
The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with
endosteum
A layer of collagen fibers that surrounds an entire muscle is called
epimysium
Which of the following is one of the four main types of tissue
epithelial
Which of the following accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues
extracellular matrix
A muscle ______________ contains a sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, myofilaments, and myofibrils
fiber