Anatomy: Skeletal Microanatomy Review

Impacted Fracture

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

The periosteum, a connective tissue covering on the diaphysis, is represented by ________.

Label F

The area that serves as a storage area for fat in adults is indicated by ________.

Label H

Bone growth that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely ________.

appositional growth

Bones increase in diameter through the process of ___________

appositional growth

In what type of fracture is the bone broken into many fragments?

comminuted

A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a ________.

comminuted fracture

A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a(n) ________.

compression fracture

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.

hematoma

Bones increase in length by the process of __________

ossification

The process of bone formation is known as ________.

ossification

What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?

osteoblast

During the repair of a fracture, which of the following cells form the bony callus?

osteoblasts

Which of these bones is most susceptible to fractures?

osteoporotic bones

Bone-destroying cells known as osteoclasts are activated by the hormone ________.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Osteoclast

parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates this type of cell

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.

store adipose tissue

Spiral Fracture

Ragged bone break resulting from twisting forces

Osteoclast

a cell that releases calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels

Osteoblast

a cell that stores calcium in bone by making bone matrix

Osteocyte

a mature bone cell trapped in bone matrix

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?

articular cartilage

What is the function of red bone marrow?

blood cell formation

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains ________.

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Order for healing a bone fracture

1. Hematoma formation (blood-filled swelling) 2. Fibrocartilage callus formation 3. Bony callus formation 4. Bone remodeling

Depression Fracture

Broken bone portion is pushed inward

Comminuted Fracture

Bone breaks into many fragments

The most important minerals stored in bones are ________.

calcium and phosphorus

What term refers to the end of a long bone?

epiphysis

An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children.

greenstick

The physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-ray revealed a(n) ________.

greenstick fracture

Blood cell formation is called ________.

hematopoiesis

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

hyaline cartilage

During soccer practice, Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke and the broken ends were forced into each other. Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture.

impacted

A person with epiphyseal plates __________ growing taller

is

A person with epiphyseal lines __________ growing taller

is not

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________.

long bones

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

marrow cavity

The bone cells that respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH) to destroy bone matrix and release calcium into the blood are called ________.

osteoclasts

An open, or compound, fracture can be described as when ________.

the broken bone is exposed to the outside

Bony Callus

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate and multiply Spongy bone

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?1. bony callus formation 2. bone remodeling 3. fibrocartilage callus formation 4. hematoma formation

4,3,1,2

Fibrocartilage Callus

A combination of cartilage matrix, bony matrix, and collagen fibers Granulation tissue forms Phagocytosis of dead tissue

Greenstick Fracture

Incomplete bone break

The proximal epiphysis is represented by ________.

Label B

The diaphysis is indicated by ________.

Label C

The area that contains glassy hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth slippery surface which decreases friction is indicated by ________.

Label D

The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by ________.

Label E