Animals

mammary

characteristics unique to mammals include ______ glands in females that produce milk to nourish young

notochords

chordates- jawless fish: lampreys & hagfishes both lack vertebrae and have ______ as adults

cartilage

chordates- jawless fish: they have no true jaws or teeth, & their skeletons were made of ________

ectothermic

reptiles rely on the environment to maintain their body temperature (______)

drier

reptiles were the first vertebrates to evolve adaptations to ____ conditions

internal

the bones of vertebrates form an _____ skeleton

coeloms

flatworms do not have _____

pharyngeal

____ pouches are paired structures in the throat region, which is also called the pharynx

sponges

_____ are the most ancient members of the kingdom Animalia, their Phylum is Porifera

jaws

_____ make it possible to bite & chew plants & other animals

marsupials

______ bear live young that usually complete their development in an external skeleton

invertebrates

______ include all animals that lack a backbone, or vertebral column

dorsal

a ___ is a hollow nerve cord in chordates

tissue

a ____ is a group of cells that perform a similar function

notochord

a ____ is a long supporting rod that runs through the body just below the nerve chord

chordates

all _____ exhibit four characteristics during at least one stage of life

oxygen

all animals must breathe to obtain _____

water

amphibians are vertebrates that also, with some exceptions, require ____ for reproduction

heterotrophs

animals are ____- they obtain nutrients & energy by eating other organisms

cephalization

animals with bilateral symmetry typically exhibit _____, the concentration of sense organs & nerve cells at their anterior end

ammonia

animals' metabolic processes generate CO2 & other waste products, some of which contain nitrogen in the form of ______

bony

another group of ancient fishes evolved skeletons made of true bone, the _____ fishes

multicellular

besides being heterotrophs, animals are also ______

endothermic

birds are reptiles that regulate their internal body temperature (______)

Aves

birds, the traditional class _____, make up a clade that is part of the clade containing dinosaurs

receptors

gathering & responding to information- the nervous system gathers info using cells called _______

homeostasis

in animals, maintaining _____ is the most important function of all body systems

external

insects & some other invertebrates have _____ skeletons

ray-finned

most living bony fishes belong to a huge group called the ____-____ fishes

musculoskeletal

muscles work together with some kind of supporting structure called a skeleton to make up the ____ system

feedback

often, homeostasis is maintained by ______ inhibition or negative feedback, a system in which the product or result of a process limits the process itself

egg laying

only 5 species of the ____ ____ monotremes exist today

skeletons

ray-finned fishes are aquatic vertebrates with _____ of true bones; most have paired fins, scales, & gills

appendages

segmented, bilateral symmetrical animals typically have external ______ on both sides of their body

radial

some animals exhibit ____ symmetry, in which body parts extend from a central point

bilateral

the most successful animal groups exhibit _____ symmetry, in which a single imaginary plane divides the body into left & right sides that are mirror images of one another

Annelids

their Phylum is Annelida- include earthworms, marine worms, & leeches, they are worms with segmented bodies & true coeloms

arthropods

their Phylum is Arthropoda

Cnidarians

their Phylum is Cindaria- includes jellyfishes, sea fans, hydras, & coral. They are aquatic carnivorous animals

mollusks

their Phylum is Mollusca- includes snails, slugs, clams, and squid, they have free swimming larva, or immature stage, called a trochophore

nematodes

their Phylum is Nematoda, they are unsegmented worms

flatworms

their Phylum is Platyhelminthes, they are soft, unsegmented, flattened worms that have tissues & internal organs

Echinoderms

their phylum is Echniodermata, they have spiny skin & an internal skeleton, they also have a water vascular system

cell walls

unlike plants, animal cells lack _____ _____