ankle musculo
A patient who has started a daily 1 mile running program is reporting pain along the 5th metatarsal after his most recent running session. What is the most likely reason for his pain? Metatarsal stress fracture Achilles tendinitis Peroneal tendinitis Peroneal tendon sprain
a
Select the ankle complication that results in the patient feeling that the ankle joint is giving way without affecting ligament laxity. Functional instability Mechanical instability Lifestyle instability General instability
a
Select the definition of Newton's third law of motion. To every action there is always an opposite and equal reaction. The change in motion is proportional to the force impressed and is made in the direction of the straight line in which that force is impressed. A body remains in a state of rest unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it. Forces responsible for equilibrium are concerned with a normal joint movement pattern.
a
Which basic directional term means toward the surface (skin) of the body? Superficial Anterior Proximal Superior
a
Which of the following interventions is the most effective means to reducing swelling? Elevation and compression Application of ice and maximum protection Casting and ice applications Elevation and casting
a
Which of the following leads to the most common type of ankle sprain? Plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction of the foot and ankle Fracture in the medial or lateral malleolus Dorsiflexion or rotation with the foot in a weight-bearing position Passive dorsiflexion with the foot slightly everted
a
Which of the following would be classified as a first-degree ankle sprain? A completely torn Anterior talofibular ligamaent Completely torn anterior talofibular and fibulocalcaneal ligaments Torn anterior and posterior talofibular and fibulocalcaneal ligaments None of the above
a
in the correct anatomic position, which way do the palms of the hand face? front, toward the back of the body back, toward the back of the body in, toward the thigh none of the above
a
A 50 year old patient heard a pop while playing a game of pick-up football. There was pain and swelling at the time of the injury. The patient was able to walk afterwards but was unable to run. Which one of the following injuries was the most likely to have occurred? Ankle inversion sprain Achilles tendon rupture Medial Ankle sprain
b
A PTA observes that a patient with a history of recurrent lateral ankle sprains exhibits excessive supination during gait. Which condition would be most commonly associated with this observation? Claw toes Peroneal tenosynovitis Plantar fascitis Posterior tibial tenosynovitis
b
A skier's ankle is forced into dorsiflexion and the structures supporting the ankle are injured. Which injury has likely occurred and which test would be diagnostic for the injury? Deltoid ligament sprain; X-ray High ankle sprain; squeeze test Inversion ankle sprain; talar tilt test Grade III ankle sprain; talar tilt test
b
After ORIF of a trimalleolar fx, weight bearing is not allowed for what time frame? 2-4 weeks 6-8 weeks 10-12 weeks 14-16 weeks
b
Mallet toe involves what joint(s) of the toe? Proximal interphallangeal joint Distal interphalangeal joint Proximal and distsal interphalangeal joint Metatarsal phalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
b
Select the ankle complication that results in laxity of the ankle ligaments. Functional instability Mechanical instability Lifestyle instability General instability
b
Select the best definition of pressure (p). Force × displacement/time Force/area Mass × velocity Force × distance an object moves
b
Select the definition of Newton's second law of motion. To every action there is always an opposite and equal reaction. The change in motion is proportional to the force impressed and is made in the direction of the straight line in which that force is impressed. A body remains in a state of rest unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it. Forces responsible for equilibrium are concerned with a normal joint movement pattern.
b
Which of the following injuries acciunts for up to 25% of all sports injuries? Fractures of the ankle Ankle sprains Cartilage tears in the ankle Twisted ankles
b
Which of the following interventions are to be avoided during the maximum protection phase after a lateral ankle sprain? Isometric exercises Active range of motion (ROM) exercises—plantar flexion and inversion Active ROM exercises—dorsiflexion and eversion General fitness exercises
b
Which of the following repairs have better success rates and a significant increase in ultimate recovery of strength, power, and endurance after an Achilles tendon rupture? Nonoperative treatment with casting for at least 8 weeks Surgical repair of the tendon Immediate initiation of physical therapy with light casting None of the above
b
Which of the following would be classified as second-degree ankle sprain? A completely torn single ligament Completely torn anterior talofibular and fibulocalcaneal ligaments Torn anterior and posterior talofibular and fibulocalcaneal ligaments None of the above
b
Why is acute elevated intracompartmental pressure in the lower leg considered a medical emergency? The fracture has not been realigned and the patient's pain continues to be extreme until the fracture is aligned. Ischemia and reduced neuromuscular function can result in permanent damage if left 12 or more hours. Ischemia results in continued swelling. None of the above
b
select the best definition of the term force (F) The resistance an object offers to a change in its state of motion The push or pull acting on an object The amount of matter an object possesses within its physical boundaries The point at which the weight and mass of an object are equally distributed or balanced in all directions
b
A patient with plantar fasciitis would benefit from all of the following interventions Ultrasound to the plantar surface of the heel Massage and soft tissue mobilization to the plantar surface of the foot Stretching of the anterior tibialis muscle The use of night splints to keep the ankle dorsiflexed
c
As a PTA student you are observing a PT conduct an evaluation of a patient who presented in the outpatient clinic without an appointment. The patient reports he was working on his motorcycle and somehow it fell over landing on his lower leg. He presents with complaint of severe pain. The PT believes the patient has compartment syndrome most likely of the deep posterior compartment. The PT asks his student to identify the muscles of the deep posterior compartment. Which answer below would be the correct answer? Anterior Tibialis, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneal tertius Peroneal longus, Peroneal brevis Posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and popliteus Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
c
Select the best definition of momentum. Force × displacement/time Force/area Mass × velocity Force × distance an object moves
c
Surgical repair procedures such as bone block, rerouting, periosteal flaps, groove deepening, and tendon slings are done for which type of ankle injury? Acute subluxing peroneal tendons Third-degree sprains Chronic subluxing peroneal tendons Achilles tendinopathy
c
What is the definition of Newton's first law of motion? To every action there is always an opposite and equal reaction. The change in motion is proportional to the force impressed and is made in the direction of the straight line in which that force is impressed. A body remains in a state of rest unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it. Forces responsible for equilibrium are concerned with a normal joint movement pattern.
c
What is the treatment for acute compartment syndrome? Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) Elevation and compression Fasciotomy Rest, heat, and pain relievers
c
What ligaments would be involved with a medial ankle sprain? Anterior talofibular and fibulocalcaneal Anterior and posterior talofibular Deltoid ligaments Fibulocalcaneal and posterior talofibular
c
When does the moderate protection phase begin for a lateral ankle sprain? When the swelling is gone and the patient is 5/10 When the patient can run short distances with moderate pain When the patient can bear weight without crutches but without undue pain. When the pain level decreases to a moderate amount
c
Which basic directional term means away from the midline of the body? Superficial Proximal Lateral Medial
c
Which cardinal plane divides the body into right and left parts? Transverse Frontal Sagittal Horizontal
c
Which of the following injuries is caused by shear? Stretching of the calf muscles during warm-up exercises Vertebral disk problems occurring when lifting a dumbbell A skin tear A and B
c
Which of the following interventions is used in the initial management phase of an acute grade II inversion ankle sprain? No weight bearing Partial weight bearing Weight bearing as tolerated Plyometrics
c
Which of the following is an example of linear motion? Rotation of the forearm about the elbow Rotation of the shoulder in the golf swing Doing a dumbbell curl with the arm Swinging a tennis racket
c
Which test would be the most appropriate to assess the integrity of the anterior talofibular ligament? Talar tilt inversion test Talar tilt eversion test Anterior drawer Posterior drawer
c
select the best definition for the term mass (m) The resistance that an object offers to a change in its state of motion The push or pull acting on an object The amount of matter an object possesses within its physical boundaries The point at which the weight and mass of an object are equally distributed or balanced in all directions
c
select the best definition of kinetic energy Energy generated by virtue of the position or shape of an object The product of force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action to the axis point Energy by virtue of an object's motion Distribution of a force over a given area
c
Biomechanics helps the health professional understand the cause and severity associated with an injury. Which of the following is NOT a factor when determining this? Magnitude Location Direction Duration Speed
e
A PTA has been working with a patient for 8 weeks with a diagnosis of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome. The patient is an avid cross country runner who typically runs ~5 miles on every third day for the past 3 days. The patient has responded well to interventions of ice massage, stretching, and strengthening. The patient has been released to return to running to no more than a mile on every third day. The patient returns to the clinic after completing two cycles of running. The patient reports he has only experienced minimal pain which resolves quickly after completing running. The patient reports he feels the pain mostly when he is running down a hill. Which of the following is most likely causing the increase in pain? While running down hill he is generating more speed which is increasing the amount of force placed on the heel during heel strike. He is taking a longer stride while going down hill which is causing more stress on the knee as a result of eccentric contraction of the gluteus maximus Running down hill requires a stronger concentric contraction of the anterior tibialis which is causing the pain Running down hill causes an increase in eccentric contraction from the anterior tibialis to avoid foot slap which causes the pain
d
A patient sustained a sprained an ankle sprain after stepping into a hole while hiking two days ago. Which of the following interventions would not be appropriate for today's treatment? Cold pack with interferential electrical stimulation Pain free ROM Heel raises through full ROM in the pain free and painful range Submax isometrics for the extrinsics of the foot
d
A patient who has plantar fascitis was seen for PT evaluation yesterday. This patient may have reported all of the following except: Pain upon weight bearing when waking up in the morning Pain on the plantar aspect of the heel Tight gastro-soleus complex Pain decrease the more he walks
d
A subluxing peroneal tendon injury can be acute or chronic. How does this type of injury occur? Plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction of the foot and ankle Fracture in the medial or lateral malleolus Dorsiflexion or rotation with the foot in a weight-bearing position Passive dorsiflexion with the foot slightly everted
d
A walking cast was placed on a patient after fracturing the distal tibia. The cast was removed 2 days ago. The PT performed the evaluation yesterday. Which one of the following interventions is most appropriate for today's treatment? Mobilization of the talocrural joint grade III Picking up marble with their toes and placing them in their hand Ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion x 20 reps with blue theraband Ankle circles clock-wise and counter-clockwise
d
An athlete enters the emergency room complaining of localized pain at the midportion, distal third, and insertion on the calcaneus. What do you suspect? Subluxing peroneal tendon Acute ankle sprain Lateral ligament injury Achilles tendinopathy
d
How many weeks should an ankle brace be used for running activities after an injury? 6-8 8-12 12-26 26-52
d
Select the best definition of work (W) Force × displacement/time Force/area Mass × velocity Force × distance an object moves
d
The talar tilt eversion test is used to determine the integrity of which of the following ligaments? Calcaneofibular ligament Anterior talofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament Deltoid ligament
d
What is the definition of kinematics? ( The study of applied human anatomy with that of mechanical physics The branch of mechanics concerned with the analysis of loads on physical systems The study of a body segment experiencing accelerations The description of human motion in terms of position, velocity, and acceleration
d
Which basic directional term means toward the feet? Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior
d
Which of the following exercises for Achilles tendinopathy are safe without any evidence of adverse effects? Ballistic motions Vigorous exercises that stretch the Achilles Standing cord stretches that bounce the Achilles tendon Daily eccentric training exercises
d
select the best definition of the term center of mass (COM) The resistance an object offers to a change in its state of motion The energy by virtue of an object's motion The product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action to the axis point The point at which the weight and mass of an object are equally distributed or balanced in all directions
d
which cardinal plane divides the body into the front and back parts? transverse horizontal sagittal coronal
d