Anth 246

Mendel's Law of Segregation says:

DNA variants separate during gamete formation

The lab attempts to get CODIS markers but is unable. What are the next steps?

EVCs, namely hair and eye... mitochondrial DNA...

Who developed the principle of whenever 2 objects come into contact with one another, materials are exchanged between them?

Edmond Locard

Which is NOT a characteristic of a simple inherited trait:

Influenced by environment

Which is 1 of Mendel's Laws of Inheritance?

Law of independent assortment

RNA is composed of what components?

Nucleotides

Practicing medical examiners should be board certified.

True

The hypervariable region of the mtDNA is:

a site of increased mutation rate

True or False? A void pattern is always created by an additional person at the crime scene.

false

The final evaluator of forensic evidence is the:

jury

The first officer arriving at a crime scene, after providing or obtaining medical assistance for the injured and effecting an arrest of suspects (if possible), should immediately:

secure the scene

Means to detect the amelogenin gene are included in commercial forensic STR kits used in crime labs because the gene allows determination of:

sex

Which is not a type of fingerprint?

swirl

All of the following statements regarding physical evidence is true, EXCEPT:

An example of transient evidence is drugs.

In the video on the last page...

False

Who was the first suspect to be cleared of a crime by DNA evidence?

Richard Buckland

Comparing SNPs to STR markers, which of the following are true?

STRs are the same as microsatellite DNA.

DNA is double stranded with each strand running in opposite directions.

True

PCR is a technique that:

can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA

What kind of bloodstain spatter can be used to assess the minimum number of blows given to a victim?

cast-off splatter

which period was CIHLI developed in?

consolidation

Which of the following can be a responsibility of the forensic anthropologist?

court testimony

red marrow is housed in the

epiphysis

A female will have an X and Y chromosome.

false

Heteroplasmy occurs when 2 different DNA sequences are found in nuclear DNA as a result of the occurrence of a random mutation.

false

What does a forensic entomologist study?

insect types and activity to estimate time since the death

decreased estrogen with age:

is common in aging women and is a key factor in osteoporosis

Chain of custody refers to a:

list of all persons who came into possession of evidence along with dates and times of possession

AFIS converts fingerprints into digital _________ to compare with fingerprints from a large database.

minutaie

John had advanced coronary artery disease. He had a heart attack which threw his heart into an arrhythmia. The doctors were unable to correct for it and he passed away.... What were his cause, mechanism, and manner of death?

natural heart attack arrhythmia

Upon further investigation, the investigators noticed that the individual had traces of soil embedded under his fingernails. This soil was identified as bentonite. About 5% of the U.S. population lives in areas where this type of clay is found. A missing persons report file for T.W. Dwight came up, and he had undergone hip surgery several years ago and happened to live in an area that had bentonite in the soil. When Dwight's physician was contacted and asked about the serial number documented in Dwight's medical records for his hip replacement, the serial number matched that found in the John Doe. What is the probability for both the serial number and the bentonite to be found in combination? (Assume these 2 events are independent.)

.00005

A body was recovered from a drainage ditch and brought to the county's Office of the Medical Examiner. Upon examination of the body, the pathologists discovered that the deceased had a hip replacement, and they were able to read the brand (Hipster Manufacturing) and serial number (167482828) for the metal hip socket. The case investigator contacted the company to see if they could tell him anything further about the particular serial number. Hipster Manufacturing stated that the serial number represented a batch of 100 hip replacement parts that were distributed throughout the U.S. at random, each with this same serial number on it. By looking up additional statistics on all hip replacement companies servicing the U.S., the investigator found that at present there are 89,000 hip replacement parts. Therefore, the frequency of the particular part found in the body is 1 of the 100 out of 89,000 present in the U.S., and can be calculated at 100/89,000. Therefore, the probability of having serial #167482828 = P(serial # 167482828) = ?

.001

What is the random match probability for the evidence sample at the TH01 locus?

.04

What is the random match probability for the evidence sample at the TPOX locus?

.12

What is the frequency of allele 5 for the TH01 locus?

.2

What is the frequency of allele 17 for the TPOX locus?

.3

An MNI is set at 13. Which of the following inventories fits this estimation?

13 right radius

what decade did the innocence project begin?

1990s

Humans have how many pairs of chromosomes?

23

How many homozygote loci exist in the child?

3

Which case established the judge as the "gatekeeper" for the admissibility of scientific evidence?

Daubert vs. Merrel Dow (1993)

All states have adopted the Daubert standard for admissibility of scientific evidence

False

Crime scene photography and sketches give you exactly the same information about the crime scene, therefore, only one of them is needed.

False

Mitosis is the process that produces gametes.

False

Most phenotypes in humans are simple inherited traits.

False

The current issue concerning medical examiner systems is that there are too many forensic pathologists and not enough open positions

False

True or false? Bloodstain pattern analysis is often used in non-violent crimes.

False

All of the following are desirable traits of a hypothesis, except:

It is complex

DNA fragments are negatively charged and travel to the positively-charged electrode in capillary electrophoresis.

True

Which is not a nucleotide of DNA?

Uracil

Which search pattern would be primarily be used for a large outdoor crime scene?

Zone Search Pattern

Forensic science is the application of science to:

both criminal and civil laws

Tooth eruption patterns:

can be used to estimate age in fetuses up through the early twenties

Dermestid beetles:

delicately remove desiccated tissue (dehydrated) from bodies

The PCR cycle involves these 3 steps in the correct order

denaturing, annealing, extension

True or False? Epiphyseal plates close at an earlier age in males than females.

false

True or False? Latent prints are commonly referred to as visible prints.

false

True or False? Surface texture does not influence bloodstain patterns.

false

True or False? The size of a bloodstain, not the shape (elongated/circular) of the bloodstain, is used to assess the angle of impact of the blood that caused the stain.

false

True or False? The sub-pubic angle appears more consistent with males.

false

The presence of a subpubic concavity and a ventral arc are most frequently found in:

females

A gene pair made up of 2 similar alleles—for example, AA or BB—is said to be:

homozygous

Janet was riding her bike and was hit by an oncoming vehicle whose driver did not see the bike. She sustained injuries to her cranium from her head contacting the pavement. The impact resulted in severe hemorrhaging to the cerebral cortex which resulted in her untimely death. The cause of death for this scenario is:

injury/impact of cranium

Brandon Mayfield was identified as a suspect in a terrorist attack in:

madrid

If 2 peaks are observed for the sequence output for amelogenin, then is the person male or female?

male

Which of the males above can be excluded as the father of the child?

male 1

The tsunami that hit Japan is an example of a

mass disaster

what happens to bodies?

the bodies are returned to the county where they were found and buried

Nonmetric features of the cranium that a forensic anthropologist would consider consistent with males includes:

thick supraorbital margin, prominent supraorbital ridge

True or False? It is important to estimate ancestry prior to estimating sex.

true

True or False? Never before in a trial has a former head of state faced charges like these in his own country

true

True or False? The physical differences expressed in the skeleton between males and females is called sexual dimorphism.

true

True or False? The shape of a bloodstain can be used to assess the direction of travel of the blood that caused the stain.

true

Which of these is not a type of minutiae?

whorl

what allele number would be assigned for this given run?

6

How probable is it that the John Doe and T.W. Dwight are the same person?

99.99%

Which of the following is a purine?

Adenine

What types of photos should be taken at a crime scene?

All of the above

Which one of these is not a type of physical evidence?

All of the above

Who developed a system of personal identification for forensic science?

All of the above

how many nucleotides are involved in this STR

3

What are the DNA complement base pairs for this strand of DNA? 5' AGTTTA 3'

3' TCAAAT 5'

When bone is growing, your osteo______ are more active than your osteo_____.

-blasts, -clasts

What is the random match probability for all genotyped loci of the evidence sample?

.00072

What percent of Maya were killed during Montt's 2-year regime?

5.5%

how many exonerees has the springfield branch had a hand in since this time?

6

How many bodies has the FAFG unearthed?

6500

A medical examiner is responsible for which of the following cases:

An elderly person dies of natural causes in a nursing home An in-custody death of a 26 year-old, otherwise healthy male

Forensic pathologists:

Are most often employed as medical examiners

decide whether each of these is something that a forensic anthropologist would actually do

Assist-yes manage-no work with-no observe-yes

Why have previous efforts to charge Efrain Rios Montt with these criminal acts been thwarted?

Because he still held congressional office, which gave him immunity

Kim was driving home from work and got into a car crash. She sustained injuries to her abdomen and lost an excessive amount of blood. Paramedics were unable to get there in time to complete a blood transfusion and she died. What was her cause, mechanism, and manner of death?

Blood loss accident abdomen injuries

A presumptive ID differs from a positive ID in that:

Both A and C

according to John Hanlon

Change 1 and Change 3

Which case expanded the role of judge as "gatekeeper" to a much wider range of evidence?

Kuhmo Tire Co. vs. Carmichael (1999)

A coroner's responsibilities include: (select all that are true)

Ruling on cause and manner of death Going to the scene of the death Running the death investigation

The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to:

The Frye Standard

The phenomenon that occurs when the edges of a bloodstain dry to the surface is known as:

skeltonization

DNA fingerprinting refers to:

The fact that the variation in the genetic code can be used to tell individuals apart

Mechanism of death is:

The physiological effects of the injury or disease that caused death

A goal of the forensic investigator is to secure and document the crime scene while minimizing changes to crime scene evidence.

True

A heterozygote in a diploid individual would have 2 different alleles at the designated locus.

True

A single mechanism of death can be produced from a variety of causes of death

True

Based on the findings of the Frontline Investigation you read about, both coroner and medical examiner systems have made gross errors in death investigations.

True

Population genetics is the study of total genetic variation of a population through time.

True

Some states in the U.S. have both Medical Examiners and Coroner systems, not just one of the other.

True

True or False? a prisoner of war being murdered would be considered a war crime because they have laid down their arms.

True

True or false? existence and condtion

True

if civilians were killed incidentally

True

according to dr. cencich

a law that allows a country to arrest one of their own citizens for a war crime committed in a different country

A locus describes:

a location on a chromosome

When taking overview photographs, the crime scene photographer should include at least 1 object in multiple overview photographs to help visually piece the scene together. This object is called:

a visual tag

A forensic anthropologist's biological profile assessment includes estimations of:

stature, sex, age, and ancestry

What type(s) of fingerprints can be examined at a crime scene?

all of the above

A DNA technical leader in a public crime lab is responsible for

all of the other options are correct

What kinds of evidence have been used in the Montt trial? Check all that apply.

all of them apply

classify the above print

arch

epiphyseal plates

are useful for estimating in juveniles

Calculating the _______________ will show the position of the victim or suspect in 3-dimensional space when the stain-producing event took place.

area of origin

Epiphyseal plates:

assist in long bone growth during the growth phase of a human

How many mass graves are estimated to be in Guatemala?

at least 2000

What kind of bloodstain pattern can demonstrate movement of an injured victim?

trail splatter

True or False? A bloodstain pattern that can be a result of damage to the heart is called arterial spray spatter.

true

True or False? Compact bone covers the outer surface of ALL bones in the body.

true