Anth 246
Mendel's Law of Segregation says:
DNA variants separate during gamete formation
The lab attempts to get CODIS markers but is unable. What are the next steps?
EVCs, namely hair and eye... mitochondrial DNA...
Who developed the principle of whenever 2 objects come into contact with one another, materials are exchanged between them?
Edmond Locard
Which is NOT a characteristic of a simple inherited trait:
Influenced by environment
Which is 1 of Mendel's Laws of Inheritance?
Law of independent assortment
RNA is composed of what components?
Nucleotides
Practicing medical examiners should be board certified.
True
The hypervariable region of the mtDNA is:
a site of increased mutation rate
True or False? A void pattern is always created by an additional person at the crime scene.
false
The final evaluator of forensic evidence is the:
jury
The first officer arriving at a crime scene, after providing or obtaining medical assistance for the injured and effecting an arrest of suspects (if possible), should immediately:
secure the scene
Means to detect the amelogenin gene are included in commercial forensic STR kits used in crime labs because the gene allows determination of:
sex
Which is not a type of fingerprint?
swirl
A medical examiner is responsible for which of the following cases:
An elderly person dies of natural causes in a nursing home An in-custody death of a 26 year-old, otherwise healthy male
All of the following statements regarding physical evidence is true, EXCEPT:
An example of transient evidence is drugs.
Forensic pathologists:
Are most often employed as medical examiners
decide whether each of these is something that a forensic anthropologist would actually do
Assist-yes manage-no work with-no observe-yes
Kim was driving home from work and got into a car crash. She sustained injuries to her abdomen and lost an excessive amount of blood. Paramedics were unable to get there in time to complete a blood transfusion and she died. What was her cause, mechanism, and manner of death?
Blood loss accident abdomen injuries
Which case established the judge as the "gatekeeper" for the admissibility of scientific evidence?
Daubert vs. Merrel Dow (1993)
All states have adopted the Daubert standard for admissibility of scientific evidence
False
Crime scene photography and sketches give you exactly the same information about the crime scene, therefore, only one of them is needed.
False
In the video on the last page...
False
Mitosis is the process that produces gametes.
False
Most phenotypes in humans are simple inherited traits.
False
The current issue concerning medical examiner systems is that there are too many forensic pathologists and not enough open positions
False
True or false? Bloodstain pattern analysis is often used in non-violent crimes.
False
All of the following are desirable traits of a hypothesis, except:
It is complex
Which case expanded the role of judge as "gatekeeper" to a much wider range of evidence?
Kuhmo Tire Co. vs. Carmichael (1999)
Who was the first suspect to be cleared of a crime by DNA evidence?
Richard Buckland
A coroner's responsibilities include: (select all that are true)
Ruling on cause and manner of death Going to the scene of the death Running the death investigation
Comparing SNPs to STR markers, which of the following are true?
STRs are the same as microsatellite DNA.
The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to:
The Frye Standard
DNA fingerprinting refers to:
The fact that the variation in the genetic code can be used to tell individuals apart
Mechanism of death is:
The physiological effects of the injury or disease that caused death
A goal of the forensic investigator is to secure and document the crime scene while minimizing changes to crime scene evidence.
True
A heterozygote in a diploid individual would have 2 different alleles at the designated locus.
True
A single mechanism of death can be produced from a variety of causes of death
True
Based on the findings of the Frontline Investigation you read about, both coroner and medical examiner systems have made gross errors in death investigations.
True
DNA fragments are negatively charged and travel to the positively-charged electrode in capillary electrophoresis.
True
DNA is double stranded with each strand running in opposite directions.
True
Population genetics is the study of total genetic variation of a population through time.
True
Some states in the U.S. have both Medical Examiners and Coroner systems, not just one of the other.
True
Which is not a nucleotide of DNA?
Uracil
Which search pattern would be primarily be used for a large outdoor crime scene?
Zone Search Pattern
A locus describes:
a location on a chromosome
When taking overview photographs, the crime scene photographer should include at least 1 object in multiple overview photographs to help visually piece the scene together. This object is called:
a visual tag
What type(s) of fingerprints can be examined at a crime scene?
all of the above
classify the above print
arch
epiphyseal plates
are useful for estimating in juveniles
Calculating the _______________ will show the position of the victim or suspect in 3-dimensional space when the stain-producing event took place.
area of origin
Epiphyseal plates:
assist in long bone growth during the growth phase of a human
PCR is a technique that:
can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA
What kind of bloodstain spatter can be used to assess the minimum number of blows given to a victim?
cast-off splatter
which period was CIHLI developed in?
consolidation
Which of the following can be a responsibility of the forensic anthropologist?
court testimony
red marrow is housed in the
epiphysis
A female will have an X and Y chromosome.
false
Heteroplasmy occurs when 2 different DNA sequences are found in nuclear DNA as a result of the occurrence of a random mutation.
false
True or False? Latent prints are commonly referred to as visible prints.
false
True or False? Surface texture does not influence bloodstain patterns.
false
True or False? The size of a bloodstain, not the shape (elongated/circular) of the bloodstain, is used to assess the angle of impact of the blood that caused the stain.
false
A gene pair made up of 2 similar alleles—for example, AA or BB—is said to be:
homozygous
Janet was riding her bike and was hit by an oncoming vehicle whose driver did not see the bike. She sustained injuries to her cranium from her head contacting the pavement. The impact resulted in severe hemorrhaging to the cerebral cortex which resulted in her untimely death. The cause of death for this scenario is:
injury/impact of cranium
What does a forensic entomologist study?
insect types and activity to estimate time since the death
decreased estrogen with age:
is common in aging women and is a key factor in osteoporosis
Chain of custody refers to a:
list of all persons who came into possession of evidence along with dates and times of possession
Brandon Mayfield was identified as a suspect in a terrorist attack in:
madrid
If 2 peaks are observed for the sequence output for amelogenin, then is the person male or female?
male
Which of the males above can be excluded as the father of the child?
male 1
AFIS converts fingerprints into digital _________ to compare with fingerprints from a large database.
minutaie
John had advanced coronary artery disease. He had a heart attack which threw his heart into an arrhythmia. The doctors were unable to correct for it and he passed away.... What were his cause, mechanism, and manner of death?
natural heart attack arrhythmia
The phenomenon that occurs when the edges of a bloodstain dry to the surface is known as:
skeltonization
What kind of bloodstain pattern can demonstrate movement of an injured victim?
trail splatter
True or False? A bloodstain pattern that can be a result of damage to the heart is called arterial spray spatter.
true
True or False? Compact bone covers the outer surface of ALL bones in the body.
true
True or False? The shape of a bloodstain can be used to assess the direction of travel of the blood that caused the stain.
true
Which of these is not a type of minutiae?
whorl
what allele number would be assigned for this given run?
6
How probable is it that the John Doe and T.W. Dwight are the same person?
99.99%
Which of the following is a purine?
Adenine
What types of photos should be taken at a crime scene?
All of the above
Which one of these is not a type of physical evidence?
All of the above
Who developed a system of personal identification for forensic science?
All of the above
When bone is growing, your osteo______ are more active than your osteo_____.
-blasts, -clasts
Upon further investigation, the investigators noticed that the individual had traces of soil embedded under his fingernails. This soil was identified as bentonite. About 5% of the U.S. population lives in areas where this type of clay is found. A missing persons report file for T.W. Dwight came up, and he had undergone hip surgery several years ago and happened to live in an area that had bentonite in the soil. When Dwight's physician was contacted and asked about the serial number documented in Dwight's medical records for his hip replacement, the serial number matched that found in the John Doe. What is the probability for both the serial number and the bentonite to be found in combination? (Assume these 2 events are independent.)
.00005
What is the random match probability for all genotyped loci of the evidence sample?
.00072
A body was recovered from a drainage ditch and brought to the county's Office of the Medical Examiner. Upon examination of the body, the pathologists discovered that the deceased had a hip replacement, and they were able to read the brand (Hipster Manufacturing) and serial number (167482828) for the metal hip socket. The case investigator contacted the company to see if they could tell him anything further about the particular serial number. Hipster Manufacturing stated that the serial number represented a batch of 100 hip replacement parts that were distributed throughout the U.S. at random, each with this same serial number on it. By looking up additional statistics on all hip replacement companies servicing the U.S., the investigator found that at present there are 89,000 hip replacement parts. Therefore, the frequency of the particular part found in the body is 1 of the 100 out of 89,000 present in the U.S., and can be calculated at 100/89,000. Therefore, the probability of having serial #167482828 = P(serial # 167482828) = ?
.001
What is the random match probability for the evidence sample at the TH01 locus?
.04
What is the random match probability for the evidence sample at the TPOX locus?
.12
What is the frequency of allele 5 for the TH01 locus?
.2
What is the frequency of allele 17 for the TPOX locus?
.3
An MNI is set at 13. Which of the following inventories fits this estimation?
13 right radius
Humans have how many pairs of chromosomes?
23
How many homozygote loci exist in the child?
3
how many nucleotides are involved in this STR
3
What are the DNA complement base pairs for this strand of DNA? 5' AGTTTA 3'
3' TCAAAT 5'
Forensic science is the application of science to:
both criminal and civil laws
Dermestid beetles:
delicately remove desiccated tissue (dehydrated) from bodies
The PCR cycle involves these 3 steps in the correct order
denaturing, annealing, extension