anther exam 1

One of the key popular misunderstandings about the causes of obesity is

?

Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned

American Sign Language

If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would most likely focus on

Everyday interactions

Why is AIDS having a more dramatic effect on populations in sub-Saharan African than in North America and Europe?

In sub-Saharan Africa, people have limited access to medicine that makes AIDS a manageable condition

Culture consists of the collective processes that make the artificial seem natural.

TRUE

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is

a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a way of explaining how the world works

Mainstream culture in the US prizes self-reliance and independence. Therefore, children are expected to move out of their parents' houses if possible once they reach adulthood, cowboys and outlaws are common cultural heroes, and rich business leaders claim they deserve their success because they earned it through hard work. This is an example of how culture is

adaptive

Social behavior patterns observed in one species that look like behavior patterns in another, but which do not arise from a shared ancestry, are known as

analogous behaviors

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out

A taxonomic structure is one that

both names and classifies all organisms according to a system

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is known as

cultural relativism

When children in the United States reach a certain age, they often move out of their parents' home and into their own living space, something anthropologists refer to as

dispersal

One striking difference between the social behavior found in common chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, and in bonobo chimpanzees, Pan paniscus, is that of

dominance relationships

The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

enculturation

Activities that are biologically based, such as eating and sleeping, are universally the same for all humans.

false

Languages change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries to shift.

false

The term diversity, when defined anthropologically,

focuses on multiplicity and variety

The recent upsurge in migration due to refugees seeking safety from war zones provides biological anthropologists an easy opportunity to observe and document

gene flow?

The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety is called

holistic

A biological anthropologist interested in health and illness would study

how human genetics change in relation to diseases

If you applied a behavioral ecology perspective to understanding a college student's dietary patterns, you would likely be most interested in

how much physical effort a student puts in to get food and how many calories they actually consume

The defining feature of historical particularism is

individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change

What process involves shifting from an agricultural economy to a factory-based one?

industrialization

The idea that each language filters certain perceptions and determines how we perceive reality is called

linguistic determinism

Examples of social institutions are

marriage kinship farming (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

In some species of primates, females and their relatives and young are socially organized around

matrifocal units

Plasticity can be understood as not being Lamarckian because

modification happens before genetic changes appear that keep the change in place across generations

What is the study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, called?

morphology

If you observed gradual changes in environmental temperature and, at the same time, observed that there were changes in the phenotype of a butterfly species over fifteen generations, which theory might best help explain what is going on?

natural selection

Termites in the wild construct huge "mounds" as a habitat. From the perspective of biocultural evolutionary concepts, termites and their engineering feats are involved in a type of

niche construction

If you were conducting a symbolic analysis of TV programs and wanted to identify a key scenario such as the Horatio Alger myth, which of the following would you focus on?

plots that are repeated in many of the programs that American viewers interpret as commonplace social experiences

The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

post-structuralism

Among the Bonobo chimpanzees, social conflict is often resolved through sexual activity. This is a form of

reconciliation

The comparative method

refers to the practice of comparing two or more cultures is a general approach holds that no society or behavior should be seen in isolation (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Chimpanzees can suffer from polio. If you wanted to develop a chimpanzee polio vaccine, you would likely discover that

research and testing on apes are tightly regulated by many governments because of their close similarity to humans

What anthropological approach to language distinguishes the ways people actually speak from the ideal ways that people are supposed to speak?

sociolingusitics

Gregor Mendel's findings about inheritance among pea plants stemmed from what key ability that he possessed?

the ability to observe closely

One of the distinguishing features of the different primate groups is

the characteristics of their social behavior and social organization

If Benjamin Whorf were trying to find further proof that grammar shapes the way people perceive the world, which of the following would not be a focus of his research?

the in-depth analysis of the grammars of European languages

A crucial limitation of cost-benefit analysis in primates is

the oversimplification of population dynamics and complexity

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to

the people or species they study

The Canadian government helps preserve the use of French by requiring all official documents to be written in both English and French. The provincial government of the Canadian province of Quebec has implemented further regulations that require that signs have French letters larger than English letters. Why is the size of letters important?

the regulations themselves give French Canadians a feeling that they are as important as English speakers, even though they are in the minority it is impossible to control what language ordinary Canadians use, but they can evaluate and distinguish the size of letters on signs symbolically, the size of the letters suggests the importance of the language (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

One of the important ways that genetic material is moved between different populations, such as through gene flow, is

through the choice of a sexual partner

Diversity, defined anthropologically, refers to both multiplicity and variety, which is not the same thing as "difference."

true

Most people are unaware of the structure of a language until someone speaking it makes a mistake.

true

In evolutionary terms, humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because

we can speak using a larynx