Anthropolgy Final 1-3

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The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a way of explaining how the world works

A social consequence of introducing coffee into the highlands of Papua New Guinea was that

all of the above

Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution?

E. B. Tylor

genetic drift

If a single female immigrant brings a trait to a small, sparsely populated island and within many generations it is present in 50% of the population, it would be an example of

During fieldwork cultural anthropologists

all of the above

The application of the comparative method in his research in Papua New Guinea led coauthor Robert Welsch to focus on

all of the above

The enhanced cognition of early modern humans allowed for

all of the above

a symbol

all of the above

Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because

all the above

The limitation of culture and personality studies was that they assumed

all the above

the comparative mehtod

all the above

A cultural relativist would explain neural plasticity as

closely related to cultural differences in how people perceive and think

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is

cultural relativism

A biocultural perspective on the evolution of our species would emphasize that

culture is an emergent and dynamic element of our species' biological evolution

The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

enculturation

Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is

ethnocentrism

The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is called

functionalsim

A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guides research, is

hypothesis

How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?

it is important to understand Native American claims from their point of view though it doesn't necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue

Examples of social institutions are

kinship, marraige, farming

The affects and feelings we experience as humans

may not have an exact equivalent in another culture

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is

natural selection

Norms are stable because

people learn them when they are young

A relativistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-Cola in Tzotzil Maya communities in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize

that those meanings are only sensible within a culturally specific set of ideas about religion and spirituality

Which of the following would most interest an anthropologist who studies geneticization?

the search for a breast cancer gene

Cultural models help us make sense of the world because

they provide a pattern for one's own behavior and interpreting others' actions

If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that

this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals

Ethnopsychology is largely concerned with

understanding how other societies make sense of selves, persons, and emotions

flexible

evolution favors brains that are

women, members of ethnic/racial minority, indeginous people

increasingly, professional anthropologists are

The defining feature of historical particularism is

individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

industrial revolution

intelligence

is not marked by a single gene

"Owning" culture

means controlling symbols that give meaning

Slight, unpredictable variation in the genetic code that occurs during reproduction is called

mutation

The structuralist approach to culture theorizes what?

people make sense of the world through binary oppositions (i.e., raw/cooked)

The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

post-structuralism

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because

the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture

An evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as

the natural abilities of more civilized people to control less civilized people

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to

the people or species they study

The controversy between Native Americans and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools using mascots illustrates

the power of tradition

When it comes to mother-infant bonding cross-culturally, anthropologists find that

there are many ways to raise a child that do not involve close physical "bonding"

The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture

through systematic connections of different parts

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as

traditions


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