Anthropolgy Final 1-3
The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as
a way of explaining how the world works
A social consequence of introducing coffee into the highlands of Papua New Guinea was that
all of the above
Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution?
E. B. Tylor
genetic drift
If a single female immigrant brings a trait to a small, sparsely populated island and within many generations it is present in 50% of the population, it would be an example of
During fieldwork cultural anthropologists
all of the above
The application of the comparative method in his research in Papua New Guinea led coauthor Robert Welsch to focus on
all of the above
The enhanced cognition of early modern humans allowed for
all of the above
a symbol
all of the above
Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because
all the above
The limitation of culture and personality studies was that they assumed
all the above
the comparative mehtod
all the above
A cultural relativist would explain neural plasticity as
closely related to cultural differences in how people perceive and think
The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is
cultural relativism
A biocultural perspective on the evolution of our species would emphasize that
culture is an emergent and dynamic element of our species' biological evolution
The process of learning culture from a very young age is called
enculturation
Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is
ethnocentrism
The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is called
functionalsim
A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guides research, is
hypothesis
How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?
it is important to understand Native American claims from their point of view though it doesn't necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue
Examples of social institutions are
kinship, marraige, farming
The affects and feelings we experience as humans
may not have an exact equivalent in another culture
The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is
natural selection
Norms are stable because
people learn them when they are young
A relativistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-Cola in Tzotzil Maya communities in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize
that those meanings are only sensible within a culturally specific set of ideas about religion and spirituality
Which of the following would most interest an anthropologist who studies geneticization?
the search for a breast cancer gene
Cultural models help us make sense of the world because
they provide a pattern for one's own behavior and interpreting others' actions
If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that
this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals
Ethnopsychology is largely concerned with
understanding how other societies make sense of selves, persons, and emotions
flexible
evolution favors brains that are
women, members of ethnic/racial minority, indeginous people
increasingly, professional anthropologists are
The defining feature of historical particularism is
individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change
What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?
industrial revolution
intelligence
is not marked by a single gene
"Owning" culture
means controlling symbols that give meaning
Slight, unpredictable variation in the genetic code that occurs during reproduction is called
mutation
The structuralist approach to culture theorizes what?
people make sense of the world through binary oppositions (i.e., raw/cooked)
The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent
post-structuralism
Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because
the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture
An evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as
the natural abilities of more civilized people to control less civilized people
The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to
the people or species they study
The controversy between Native Americans and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools using mascots illustrates
the power of tradition
When it comes to mother-infant bonding cross-culturally, anthropologists find that
there are many ways to raise a child that do not involve close physical "bonding"
The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture
through systematic connections of different parts
The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as
traditions
