AP Euro Midterm
43
A
As the first in the House of Stuart, James I's reign presaged which of the following?
A long period of difficulty in the relationship between the monarchy and English Parliament
Scientific laws of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as the ones described above, are best understood in historical context as which of the following?
A result of the arrival of new techniques of understanding the natural world
How is the "temporal power" mentioned in the passage best understood contextually?
A state or secular authority
Machiavelli's treatise is best understood in the context of which of the following?
A time of intense political conflict among warring Italian city-states and other factions
A historian could best use the ordinance about usury as an example of
A traditional restriction on market activities
The aforementioned 1651 Navigation Acts above conflict with which of the following economic philosopher's theories and beliefs?
Adam Smith
The image could best be used to illustrate which of the following general aspects of the initial encounters between Europeans and Native Americans?
Advances in military and maritime technology usually gave Europeans an advantage over Native Americans
Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the third paragraph?
Alliances are useful, but a state should rely on its own strength
Which of the following religions that started around the same time as Calvinism was destroyed for supporting adult baptism and pacifism?
Anabaptists
Xavier's views of indigenous populations as expressed in the passage were most similar to views commonly held by late-nineteenth century Europeans in which of the following ways?
Both views reflected a sense of cultural superiority
Xavier's views in the second paragraph support which of the following conclusions about the period 1450-1648?
Christianization both depended on and legitimized European colonial expansion
The house above, designed by Palladio and constructed in Italy during the sixteenth century, illustrates the architectural influence of
Classical temples
Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the second paragraph?
Cultivate good relations with your neighbors in case of disputes
Which of the following best characterizes the author's attitude in the passage?
Cynicism about the loyalty of a ruler's subjects.
42
D
Bishop Jacques Bossuet, in his writing above, lays out the theoretical foundation for which of the following forms of sovereignty?
Divine right of kings
The first paragraph of the letter contains evidence of the pope's
Economic power among the Italian city-states during the Renaissance
The image provides the most reliable information about which of the following?
European attitudes toward non-European peoples
Voltaire's statement in the last sentence, criticizing persecution, is most likely influenced by which of the following?
Europeans gaining a more thorough understanding of the rich cultural diversity to be found through trade and travel.
Based on Huizinga's description of Erasmus' career, the contributions of Erasmus are most similar to
Francesco Petrarch
According to Huizinga, Erasmus' legacy was more significant than tat of earlier humanists because
He valued educating the masses more than he predecessors had
Which of the following was the greatest weakness and regret of the rule of King Louis XIV?
He was at war for 2/3 of his reign and united the other major powers against him.
Which of the following can be safely inferred about the Elector's religious affiliation solely based upon the passage?
He was not Roman Catholic
Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the first paragraph?
Helping the people will strengthen the state.
The clash depicted above sparked a greater conflict sometimes characterized by historians as a civil war that was ended by which of the following movements toward religious toleration?
Henry of Navarre converted back to Catholicism, became Henry IV of France, and issued the Edict of Nantes allowing many Protestants to worship as they pleased in fortified towns.
Which of the following intellectual hallmarks of the Renaissance seem most in conflict with the questioning of the ancient philosophers, such as Aristotle, through experimentation in natural philosophy?
Humanism
Which of the following evidence regarding France does Azipilcueta use to support his argument?
In France, where less money is available, goods and labor are given for less money
The painting above is often described as a Renaissance masterpiece that typifies the humanism that was which of the following?
In its prime, as humanists such as Petrarch in Italy and Erasmus in Rotterdam were already writing major humanist works by the time this painting was finished
Which of the following best describes the results of the Peace of Augsburg (1555)?
It provided a legal basis for the existence of Lutheranism
Which of the following is best demonstrated by the passage about intellectual thought at the time?
It used information obtained through experimentation to conceptualize the universe
The political philosophy espoused in the text above is different from those of the medieval period in which of the following ways?
It was a pragmatic rather than an ethical or religious ideology
The Versailles palace seen in the background of the stamp was used by Louis XIV in which of the following ways?
It was built as a pleasure prison to control the nobility by requiring their attendance there annually.
Louis XIV was aided by many able advisors, but which of the following advisors helped him to reorganize France and make it into a world power?
Jean Baptiste Colbert, his finance minister
Which of the following Enlightenment philosophes questioned reliance on reason and began the Romantic movement for the rationale given?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau because he thought society corrupted noble souls.
Which of the following was the greatest weakness of Louis XIV according to many historians, and his probable dying declaration?
Louis XIV spent over two thirds of his reign at wat and much of it was fruitless
The activities shown in image 2 were most directly a result of which of the following developments in France?
Louis' expansion of monarchial administrative and financial control over France
The ideas expressed by Voltaire, above, best illustrate which of the following characteristics of Enlightenment intellectuals?
Many believed that the new scientific discoveries justified a more tolerant and objective approach to social and cultural issues.
Which of the following events in 16th-century northern Europe was most directly a response to the type of elitism expressed in the letter?
Martin Luther's 95 theses
Celtis' discussion of Italian influence in the German lands is most similar to which of the following?
Martin Luther's criticisms of the Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses
"I will allow that bodily strength seems to give man a natural superiority over woman; and this is the only solid basis on which the superiority of men over women can be built." The passage above best reflects the argument of
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which of the following does the author use as evidence of the impact of the introduction of European cattle to the New World?
Migration into labor settlements
Which of the following evidence does Azipilcueta give in his second point for money changing in value?
Money as a form of merchandise increases in value as supply decreases and demand increases
The type of humanism attributed to Erasmus in this passage is most similar to what Southern Renaissance movement?
Neopplatonism
Descartes' understanding of the human body, as shown in the image, is most similar to which of the following?
Newton's motion of a mechanistic universe
By flattering the pope, Lorenzo de Medici is following the advice of
Niccolo Machiavelli
Which of the following Polish thinkers was most likely the person whose ideas convinced Galileo to have written the statement above?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Which of the following is best supported by the passage? (King Phillip II and Inquisition)
Owning and reading Protestant religious literature was illegal in Spain
Which of the following was NOT an abuse of the Catholic Church that Calvin and other religious leaders criticized?
Papal wealth
What was the primary impact of "Humanism ceas[ing] to be the exclusive privilege of the few"?
People could begin to question the Church on a wider scale
What are three characteristics in the painting above that make it an Italian Renaissance painting?
Perspective, humanist subject matter, and attention to anatomical detail
The activities of Peter the Great shown in image 1 were most directly the result of which of the following?
Peter's efforts to westernize Russia
Which of the following beliefs, supported first by Calvin, does this passage seem to best support?
Predestination
The events described in the passage best illustrate which of the following aspects of the religious conflicts in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Protestants made effective use of the increased availability of printing technology to spread their ideas.
Based on the song, the Winter King did which of the following?
Rebelled against King Ferdinand
In non-Calvinist areas, many early modern town and city ordinances were similar to the Geneva ordinances in their
Regulation of public morals and behavior
Which of the following is an important underlying issue in this song?
Religious conflict
Voltaire is best known for supporting which of the following demands of the Enlightenment philosophes?
Religious toleration should be given to all people of all religions
The narrator of the song would most likely identify as which of the following?
Roman Catholic
In the sixteenth century, Geneva and most other European towns and cities experiences which of the following demographic transformations?
Significant migration from the countryside
Which of the following was the most important factor behind the Price Revolution of the sixteenth century?
Steady population growth and rising food costs.
Based upon the second paragraph of the letter, a modern historian would most likely assume which of the following?
That previous popes had taken care of the needs of their families
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the letter?
That the papacy played an important political role in the Italian peninsula
Which of the following conclusions drawn in part from the observations above was the most revolutionary over time?
The Earth is but one tiny planet in an infinite universe or even multiverse
The above picture depicts which two groups engaged in battle?
The French Huguenots and Catholics
"[H]is Roman Imperial Majesty" in the document above refers to the Holy Roman Emperor, whose role after the conflict that succeeded the document above can best be described in which of the following ways?
The Holy Roman Emperor lost power and prestige as the Peace of Westphalia reduced his influence and importance significantly.
James I's order to create a new translation of the Bible was largely in response to
The Puritans, who disagreed with earlier translations
Which of the following is the best explanation of the popular nickname for Louis XIV as alluded to in the postage stamp above?
The Sun King because all of Europe revolved around Louis XIV
The document above was most likely written at the start of which of the following dynastic and religious conflicts?
The Thirty Years' War
Which of the following does the author cite in support of the claim that Natives Americans had defenders among the Spanish?
The actions of Bartolome de Las Casas
Valdes' argument reflects which of the following developments of this period?
The affirmation by the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy of women's subordination in matters of religion
The language used in the passage most clearly demonstrates continuity with which of the following?
The as-yet-unchallenged divine right of kings
Huizinga's apparent support of Erasmus' belief i the "book of antiquity" being "open to all" is most likely a product of
The author's life as a member of 20th-century Europe, which prized such characteristics
The ordinances in the passage best exemplify which of the following aspects of Calvinism?
The belief that laws must be based on religious principles
Which of the following does the author most directly use as evidence of European diseases on Native Americans?
The change in the population of central Mexico
Which of the following evidence regarding Spain does Azipilcueta use to support his argument?
The cost of goods increased as a result of the influx of gold and silver from the Indies
Richelieu's ideas best reflect which of the following developments in Europe during the 1600s?
The creation of new systems of government that centralized state power.
The passages are best understood in the context of which of the following? (Valdes and Lanier)
The debate over the role of women in society prompted by the Reformation
The Portuguese presence in India most directly resulted from which of the following?
The desire to obtain greater access to precious metals and luxury goods
When the author of the passage above discusses the "second wall", to what is he referring?
The differing views of Catholics and Reformers on the appropriate use and interpretation of biblical texts
Which of the following is the best explanation of the bias found in the document above?
The duke, as a member of the French nobility, is biased against the king because of his suppression of the nobility.
The immediate importance of the ascension of James I to the throne of England is best understood in the context of which of the following?
The fact that Elizabeth I had died childless
James I's advocacy for a single Parliament for both England and Scotland can be best explained by
The fact that he had already been serving as the King of Scotland under the name James VI
Taken together, the two portraits best represent which of the following artistic developments of the Italian Renaissance?
The growing emphasis on naturalism and humanism
As a result of Newton's laws of motion, which of the following theories was strengthened?
The heliocentric theory
The Use of propaganda through writing and imagery such as that seen above proliferated during the era of religious conflict in Europe, making which of the following a crucial reason for the success of the Protestant Reformation?
The implementation and proliferation of the printing press
The most important governmental innovation of Cardinal Richelieu in France, who was an adherent of the ideas of Bishop Bossuet, was which of the following?
The intendant system used to undermine noble power
The Dutch church represented in the painting above can be identified as Protestant because
The plainness of the interior
Ignatius of Loyola, who founded the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuit order mentioned above, would most likely agree with which of the following statements?
The pope is pure perfection and if he tells me that the white I see before me is black then I will agree that what I see is black.
The presence of the aristocracy in both of the images most directly reflects a continuation of which of the following processes?
The preservation of the nobility's social status despite the absolutist authority of monarchs
In addition to the laws of motion, Newton is also known for developing which of the following?
The reflecting telescope
The passage above most clearly shows the influence of which of the following trends in fifteenth-century Europe?
The revival of classical learning and the development of Northern humanism
The portrait of Heraclitus best reflects which of the following features of the Italian Renaissance?
The revival of interest in classical works
Which of the following is true of the German Peasants' Revolt of 1524-1525?
The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and peasant demands
Which of the following factors most influenced the image above depicting opposing groups regulating public morals?
The spread of Calvinist ideas and ideals from Geneva into France causing religious conflict.
The image provides the clearest evidence for which of the following features of European expansion in the early modern period?
The spread of Christianity as a justification for the subjugation of indigenous peoples
Lanier's publication of an argument for increased respect for women was made possible by which of the following?
The spread of literacy and personal engagement with religious texts
At the time of this painting, most Italian artists such as da Vinci earned their living through
The support of a patron
The commissioning of Image 1 best represents which of the following trends of the Italian Renaissance?
The use of art to enhance the prestige of the elites
The conflict that the Elector of Saxony describes in his letter resulted in which of the following?
The weakening of the Holy Roman Empire and the strengthening of smaller sovereign states within its boundaries
Which of the following best explains why the narrator mentions "Rhine and Prague"?
These are lands that the Winter King lost in battle
Which of the following is the best characterization of the impact of the land acquisitions of Peter I of Russia from 1682-1715?
They allowed Peter the Great to build a port and a new capital city
Why would the patrons of this painting and its three companion paintings wish to pay huge sums of money for these works of art?
They believed that it was their civic duty to pay people to paint in order to reduce unemployment in their towns.
Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Navigation Acts of 1651?
They served as a catalyst for the growth of English shipping and overseas trade, but did little to limit the prospects of the Dutch in the seventeenth century.
The image demonstrates which of the following regarding scientific advances in early modern Europe?
They used information obtained through dissection to reconceptualize the body as an integrated system.
Which of the following events most likely inspired the composition of this song?
Thirty Years' War
Which of the following political philosophers would be most likely to agree with Bossuet about the proper power structure for a nation's government?
Thomas Hobbes, who wrote Leviathan
Which of the following was the desired outcome of the above legislation by the Rump Parliament of England in 1651?
To end Dutch domination of maritime trade by limiting their ability to move goods between England and her colonies as well as goods to and from England to other countries
Which of the following explorers, sailing under the flag of Portugal, reached the west coast of India in 1498 after rounding the Cape of Good Hope and crossing the Indian Ocean?
Vasco da Gama
The religious order of which Xavier was a member was important in the history of sixteenth-century Europe primarily because it
challenged Protestant teaching and helped revive the Church during the Catholic Reformation
The cartoon above from seventeenth-century England is an attempt to ridicule
fighting between royalist and parliamentary armies during the English Civil War
As with many Renaissance paintings, the defining characteristic in the portrait depicted above is
human centrism
The single-point perspective used in this painting attempts to pay homage to the
imagery of the late Roman Empire
The Russian woodcut above (about 1698) symbolizes Peter the Great's
imposition of Western values on the Russian nobility
For Luther, the way to avoid punishment for one's sins is to
repent
The most important goal of the Council of Trent was the
strengthening of internal Church discipline.
In the passage, Luther implicitly challenges the authority of
the Catholic Church
For Luther, indulgences are
useless
