AP Gov. Ch. 12-13
inherent powers
P's powers that are IMPLIED in the Cons. (informal) (ex. Executive Orders, Executive Privelege, Emergency Powers)
standing committee
PERMANENT subject matter committees that handle bills in different policy areas and oversight of executive agencies
Cabinet
Pres's advisors, experts chosen by P., made up of 14 depts. must be confirmed by Senate when adding a department because it can raise the federal budget
expressed powers
Pres's powers enumerated in the Cons. Formal powers. (ex. make treaties, pardon, Chief Executive, appointments, etc.)
Chief Diplomat
Pres's role as the architect of American foreign policy, directs ambassadors
Chief Legislator
President can influence Congress's laws, he presents his agenda in the State of the Union
Chief Economist
President monitors the economy, fiscal polity of the Nation, and proposes the annual governmental budget
Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)
a 3-member body appointed by the president to advise on economic policy
oversight
a LEGISLATIVE CHECK on the executive branch, through congressional hearings (ex: Senate confirmation on P's appts.)
pocket veto
a Pres. veto passed when the Pres. waits ten days without signing the bill and IT DIESSSS
trustee model
a model of representation in which a congressional member follows his or her own conscience when deciding on issue positions more forgivable in Senate
delegate model
a model of representation in which legislators should vote as their constituents would most of the House
joint committee
a permanent but few sub-areas from BOTH houses ex: Pres. inauguration
censure
a procedure for publicly reprimanding an official for inappropriate behavior (public shaming)
discharge petition
a special tactic used to extract a bill from a committee to have it considered by the ENTIRE HOUSE (stalling)
signing statement
a super shady thing when the President signs a bill he adds a written message at the end to direct executive agencies on HOW the law should be implemented and interpreted SHADEE
Chief of State
acts as an example and symbol of the US
chief of staff
among the most important staff member of the WHO, serves as both an adviser and manager of the WHO
unanimous consent
an agreement by EVERY SENATOR to the terms on debate on a given piece of legislatior
executive agreement
an international agreement between the US and other nations that does NOT need Senate confirmation, only loyal to Pres. that implemented it
select committee
an investigative TEMPORARY committee for specific purposes ex: Watergate, Benghazi
line-item veto
an unconstitutional piece of shit, when the president crosses out parts of bills he doesn't agree with
General Accounting Office (GAO)
audit and evaluate funding and investigate public funds
emergency powers
broad powers exercised by the President during times of a national crisis (ex. Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus during the Civil War)
Chief of Party
campaigns for other party members, helps fundraise, the voice of their party
National Security Council (NSC)
consisting of top foreign policy advisers and relevant cabinet officials, this is an arp of the EOP that the president consults on foreign policy and national security
Watergate
during the Nixon admin., a scandal involving burglaries during the Democratic National Convention and the subsequent cover up by high-level officials
honeymoon period
early in a new P's admin, where his approval ratings are up
filibuster
endless debate to block a floor vote on a bill in the SENATE gives advantage to minor parties
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
estimates the revenue of the United States and supplies info to Congress and Executive for accuracy- evaluates P's budget (super legitimate and trustworthy)
Commander in Chief
in charge of the US military and armed services
franking privelege
incumbent privilege of sending mail free of charge, makes it easy for Congress members to state in touch with their constituents
Senate majority leader
majority party leader in Senate, super powerful. wow.
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
non-partisan agency in conjunction with the Library of Congress, professional researchers
Office and Management of Budget (OMB)
office that creates the P's annual budget
president pro tempore
officer of the Senate selected by the majority party (longest serving member, old bat) to act as chair in the absence of the VP third in line to the presidential crown
rules commitee
one of the most important HOUSE committees, "traffic cop" of the House, decides the length of debate and the scope of amendments a bill has
subcommittee
parts of a standing committee that handles specific areas of a standing committees jurisdiction
Rally 'round the flag' effect
peaks in Presidential approval ratings during short-term military action (ex. 9/11)
constituents
people a member of Congress represents
monetary policy
power controlled by the federal reserve
impeachment
power of the House to formally accuse the Pres. and other high-ranking officials on crimes, doesn't necessarily mean they'll be removed from office 2/3 vote in the Senate results in removal
executive order
power of the Pres' to issue orders that carry the forse of the law (ex. Emancipation Proclamtion, Japanese into internment camps, etc.)
statutory powers
powers explicitly granted to presidents by Congressional actions (ex. line item veto)
markup
process by which members of legislative committees edit a bill with suggested language for changes and ammendments
ombudsperson
representing constituents through casework
balanced ticket
selection of a running mate who brings diversity of ideology, geographic location, age, gender, race, or ethnicity
hearings
session held by committees or subcoms to gather info and views from experts
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
several policymaking and advisory bodies that help Mr. P carry out day to day duties of the gvt.
Pork / Earmarks
spending bills for "pet projects" in congressional districts or states makes voters happy, but those NOT in the district see it as a waste of money
take care clause
the Cons. basis for inherent powers, states that P. shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed
committee system
the different committees in both houses that bills may have to g through
gerrymandering
the drawing of legislative districts to benefit and incumbent, political party, or other groups racial gerrymandering is illegal
Speaker of the House
the leader of the House, chosen by majority party in the House
legislative process
the long process that bills must go through to become a law
cloture vote
the number of votes needed to stop a filibuster (supermajority of 60)
White House Office (WHO)
the office that develops policies and protects the Pres's legal and political interests
logrolling
the practice where member of Congress agree to vote for a bill in exchange for their colleague's vote on another bill, cunning political bastards
White House Counsel
the president's lawyer
press secretary
the president's spokesperson to the media
reappointment
the reallocation of seats in the House to each state based on the changes in state population since the last census
redistricting
the redrawing of congressional district boundaries within each state based on the reappointment of the last census
executive privilege
the right as chief executive and members of the admin. to withhold information from Congress or the courts, or the right to refuse to appear before legislative or judicial bodies if doing so would compromise national security
incumbency
the status of already holding office, strongly influences ability to raise money and important factor in determining success in a congressional campaign
Roles of VP
to balance out the ticket and compliment the president's faults
bicameral
two house legislative system ex: Senate and the House
agenda setting
what issue the country's talking about
divided government
when Congress is ruled by one party but the White House is controlled by the other
casework
when an incumbent personally helps constituents solve problems with the federal bureaucracy, results in loyalty ex: filing for a Passport
Bully Pulpit
when the President uses the media to influence opinions on his administation
minority and majority whips
whips their parties into shape, tries to get them to vote with the party on an issue if they stray
conference committee
TEMPORARY committee that resolves differences between the two houses bills (bills must be the same before it gets out of the two houses)
Presidential Succession
25th Amendment, where Pres. may temporarily transfer power to the VP for any reason that would make him unable to govern (medical procedures) VP&Cabinet may also vote to remove the P from power if they feel he is stupid or unable to carry out the job
census
A complete enumeration of a population
Chief Executive
CEO of the executive branch Pres. oversees entire administration and bureaucracy or the federal gvt., ensures that laws are carried out
fiscal policy
Congress's power to control money