AP GOV VERSION 1

Which of the following is a type of primary election that requires registration as a party affiliate to vote? Responses Blanket Blanket Closed Closed General General Open Open Plebiscite]

Closed

Which of the following provides the most accurate explanation of how consumer-driven media increases partisan polarization? Responses Consumer-driven media tends to avoid discussing controversial political topics. Consumer-driven media tends to avoid discussing controversial political topics. Consumer-driven media reinforces existing political biases in individuals. Consumer-driven media reinforces existing political biases in individuals. Consumer-driven media relies heavily on corporate advertising. Consumer-driven media relies heavily on corporate advertising. Consumer-driven media is overwhelmingly conservative.

Consumer-driven media reinforces existing political biases in individuals.

Which of the following explains how The Federalist 10 relates to the decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) ? Responses Both regarded factions as destructive to liberty. Both regarded factions as destructive to liberty. In both, a limited approach to government regulation was argued for. In both, a limited approach to government regulation was argued for. In The Federalist 10, the author opted for stricter regulation of factions, whereas in Citizens United, petitioners argued that regulation was a violation of liberties. In The Federalist 10, the author opted for stricter regulation of factions, whereas in Citizens United , petitioners argued that regulation was a violation of liberties. The Federalist 10 supports free speech, whereas the Citizens United decision opposes free speech.

In both, a limited approach to government regulation was argued for.

Which of the following is the leading predictor of how an individual will vote in a congressional election? Responses Newspaper endorsements Newspaper endorsements Gender Gender Partisanship Partisanship Presidential endorsement Presidential endorsement Occupation

Partisanship

Which of the following activities would the author most likely be concerned about interest groups engaging in? Responses Educating and mobilizing citizens around their cause Educating and mobilizing citizens around their cause Introducing legislation that limits the power of others Introducing legislation that limits the power of others Representing broad segments of society and sparking emotional political debates Representing broad segments of society and sparking emotional political debates Forming iron triangles with bureaucratic agencies and congressional committees

Forming iron triangles with bureaucratic agencies and congressional committees

Which of the following is true of the electoral college system? Responses It encourages the emergence of third parties. It encourages the emergence of third parties. It encourages candidates to concentrate their campaigns in competitive, populous states. It encourages candidates to concentrate their campaigns in competitive, populous states. It ensures that the votes of all citizens count equally in selecting the President. It ensures that the votes of all citizens count equally in selecting the President. It requires that a candidate win a minimum of 26 states to obtain a majority in the college. It requires that a candidate win a minimum of 26 states to obtain a majority in the college. It tends to make a presidential elections appear closer than they really are.

It encourages candidates to concentrate their campaigns in competitive, populous states.

Which of the following describes the result in a winner-take-all, single-member-district plurality system? Responses The candidate who receives the most votes in the election wins. The candidate who receives the most votes in the election wins. The candidate must receive at least 51% of the votes to win. The candidate must receive at least 51% of the votes to win. The top two vote-getters compete in a run-off election. The top two vote-getters compete in a run-off election. A political party must receive 51% of the votes to win all of the seats in the district. A political party must receive 51% of the votes to win all of the seats in the district. The party that receives the most votes in the election wins the seat and selects the party member who will fill the seat.

The candidate who receives the most votes in the election wins.

Which of the following describes a consequence of the growing concentration of ownership of the news media? Responses Newspaper prices have gone down. Newspaper prices have gone down. Coverage of political events has gotten more liberal over time. Coverage of political events has gotten more liberal over time. Prices for televised campaign ads have gone down. Prices for televised campaign ads have gone down. Candidates get more free airtime. Candidates get more free airtime. There is increased similarity of network news coverage.

There is increased similarity of network news coverage.

Which of the following is true of amicus curiae briefs? Responses They are used by interest groups to lobby courts. They are used by interest groups to lobby courts. They are used exclusively by liberal interest groups. They are used exclusively by liberal interest groups. They are used exclusively by conservative interest groups. They are used exclusively by conservative interest groups. They are now unconstitutional. They are now unconstitutional. They are the means by which a litigant seeks Supreme Court review of a lower court decision.

They are used by interest groups to lobby courts.

A political science professor is researching the effects that the Fifteenth and Twenty-Sixth Amendments have had on the American political system. Which of the following is the most likely reason the professor is researching these amendments? A To study the expansion of the right to equal protection under the law B To study the expansion of voting rights C To study the expansion of due process rights To study the expansion of federal authority over states

To study the expansion of voting rights

Since 1972, voters in presidential elections have Responses become more focused on individual candidates become more focused on individual candidates increasingly based their votes on televised candidate debates increasingly based their votes on televised candidate debates become more influenced by party platforms become more influenced by party platforms become more likely to focus on local rather than national conditions become more likely to focus on local rather than national conditions become more likely to rely on print media for information

become more focused on individual candidates

Compared to voters in a general election, voters in presidential primary elections are Responses less likely to be members of political parties less likely to be members of political parties less likely to be well educated less likely to be well educated likely to be a larger percentage of the voting-age population likely to be a larger percentage of the voting-age population more likely to be members of ethnic or racial minority groups more likely to be members of ethnic or racial minority groups more likely to be affluent

more likely to be affluent

All of the following are commonly used by interest groups to influence the political process EXCEPT Responses lobbying lobbying contributing money to candidates contributing money to candidates nominating candidates nominating candidates filing lawsuits filing lawsuits appealing to the public opinion

nominating candidates

Which of the following exemplifies the free-rider problem for interest groups? Responses A supporter of the Second Amendment who is a member of the National Rifle Association (NRA) A supporter of the Second Amendment who is a member of the National Rifle Association (NRA) A bird enthusiast who contributes to the Sierra Club to receive a free bird-watching guide A bird enthusiast who contributes to the Sierra Club to receive a free bird-watching guide A teacher who does not join the local teachers union but receives a salary negotiated by the union A teacher who does not join the local teachers union but receives a salary negotiated by the union A 50-year-old woman who joins the AARP to get a discount card

A teacher who does not join the local teachers union but receives a salary negotiated by the union

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the federal government regulates campaigns? Responses By requirements for disclosure of campaign donations By requirements for disclosure of campaign donations By establishment of federal agencies to regulate campaign finance activities By establishment of federal agencies to regulate campaign finance activities By limits on the distribution of soft money By limits on the distribution of soft money By limits on individual donations to campaigns By limits on individual donations to campaigns By prohibitions on negative advertising

By prohibitions on negative advertising

Which of the following is a result of the electoral college system? Responses The winner of the presidency often lacks a majority of the popular vote. The winner of the presidency often lacks a majority of the popular vote. Candidates focus on one-party states in which they can win most of the electoral votes. Candidates focus on one-party states in which they can win most of the electoral votes. The House of Representatives frequently chooses the President from the top three candidates. The House of Representatives frequently chooses the President from the top three candidates. Candidates focus on the states with the largest populations. Candidates focus on the states with the largest populations. Campaign spending increases because candidates emphasize television advertising.

Candidates focus on the states with the largest populations.

The use of direct primaries instead of the convention system in selecting presidential candidates results in which of the following? A weakening of party control over nominations A reduction in the costs of election campaigns An increase in the number of people involved in the choice of candidates An increase in voter turnout in midterm elections Responses I and III only I and III only II and IV only II and IV only III and IV only III and IV only I, II, and III only I, II, and III only I, II, III, and IV

I and III only

Which of the following scenarios depicts the concept of an iron triangle? Responses A well-funded PAC and professional campaign consultants meet with congressional Democrats to discuss strategy and campaign spending for the upcoming election. A well-funded PAC and professional campaign consultants meet with congressional Democrats to discuss strategy and campaign spending for the upcoming election. A group of citizens mobilize to conduct a letter-writing campaign, voter registration drive, and public rally in an attempt to influence the policy decisions of lawmakers. A group of citizens mobilize to conduct a letter-writing campaign, voter registration drive, and public rally in an attempt to influence the policy decisions of lawmakers. Lobbyists from the energy industry provide information to the Department of Energy before the department head testifies before the Energy and Commerce Committee in the House of Representatives. Lobbyists from the energy industry provide information to the Department of Energy before the department head testifies before the Energy and Commerce Committee in the House of Representatives. A former member of Congress decides not to run for reelection and instead accepts a job as a corporate lobbyist.

Lobbyists from the energy industry provide information to the Department of Energy before the department head testifies before the Energy and Commerce Committee in the House of Representatives.

Which of the following statements about voting behavior in national elections is most accurate? Responses Men are more likely to vote than are women. Men are more likely to vote than are women. Blue-collar workers are more likely to vote than are professionals. Blue-collar workers are more likely to vote than are professionals. Those with less than a high school education are more likely to vote than are college graduates. Those with less than a high school education are more likely to vote than are college graduates. Democrats are more likely to vote than are Republicans. Democrats are more likely to vote than are Republicans. Senior citizens are more likely to vote than are college students.

Senior citizens are more likely to vote than are college students.

Which of the following best explains why eligibility criteria vary by state as shown on the information graphic? Responses The Twenty-Sixth Amendment is not incorporated to the states. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment is not incorporated to the states. States can create criteria for voting rights so long as they do not violate the United States Constitution. States can create criteria for voting rights so long as they do not violate the United States Constitution. The president is selected through the electoral college process, and therefore citizens do not actually have a real vote in presidential elections. The president is selected through the electoral college process, and therefore citizens do not actually have a real vote in presidential elections. The Voting Rights Act guarantees that each state may determine its own procedures for elections.

States can create criteria for voting rights so long as they do not violate the United States Constitution.

Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the history of political parties in the United States during the twentieth century? Responses An increase in the number of organized interest groups An increase in the number of organized interest groups An increase in the influence of political action committee (PAC) money in congressional elections An increase in the influence of political action committee (PAC) money in congressional elections State adoption of direct primary elections State adoption of direct primary elections The loss of party patronage power The loss of party patronage power The splitting of the two major parties into a multiparty system

The splitting of the two major parties into a multiparty system

In the process and structure of public policymaking, "iron triangles" refer to the Responses bargaining and negotiating process between the President and Congress about the direction of domestic policy bargaining and negotiating process between the President and Congress about the direction of domestic policy dominance of corporate power in setting the national policy agenda for economic expansion dominance of corporate power in setting the national policy agenda for economic expansion interrelationship among federal, state, and local levels of government in the policy process interrelationship among federal, state, and local levels of government in the policy process networks of congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups that strongly influence the policy process networks of congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups that strongly influence the policy process group of presidential advisers who formulate the President's foreign policy agenda

networks of congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups that strongly influence the policy process networks of congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups that strongly influence the policy process

When people vote for some candidates from one party and other candidates from another party, it is called Responses dealignment dealignment realignment realignment republicanism republicanism ticket splitting ticket splitting caucusing

ticket splitting

Since 1960 the presidential election process has been affected by an increase in all of the following EXCEPT the Responses proportion of independents in the electorate proportion of independents in the electorate influence of political consultants influence of political consultants number of primaries number of primaries turnout of votes turnout of votes role of television

turnout of votes

While the central goal of political parties is to win elections, parties can also support democracy. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates this relationship? Responses A political party changes its stance on environmental policy after its candidates receive large contributions from an energy company. A political party changes its stance on environmental policy after its candidates receive large contributions from an energy company. Political parties use the social media site Instagram to reach out to younger voters to inform them about upcoming elections and encourage them to register to vote. Political parties use the social media site Instagram to reach out to younger voters to inform them about upcoming elections and encourage them to register to vote. The House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure uses research given to it from the American Society of Civil Engineers when amending an infrastructure bill. The House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure uses research given to it from the American Society of Civil Engineers when amending an infrastructure bill. A former member of Congress takes a job as a political consultant to advise current members on their campaigns and raise money for elections.

Political parties use the social media site Instagram to reach out to younger voters to inform them about upcoming elections and encourage them to register to vote.

Two interest groups are competing for influence in Congress. One group represents banking institutions, while the other advocates for consumer protections. A critic of the influence of interest groups would make which of the following claims? Responses The interest groups will nominate a slate of candidates for office to compete against each other in the next election in order to determine which interests prevail. The interest groups will nominate a slate of candidates for office to compete against each other in the next election in order to determine which interests prevail. The consumer protection group will appeal only to Republican leaders, while the banking interests will appeal only to Democratic leaders. The consumer protection group will appeal only to Republican leaders, while the banking interests will appeal only to Democratic leaders. The banking interest group likely has greater financial resources and access to policy makers than the consumer protection group. The banking interest group likely has greater financial resources and access to policy makers than the consumer protection group. The consumer protection group is prohibited by federal regulations from direct lobbying.

The banking interest group likely has greater financial resources and access to policy makers than the consumer protection group.

A citizen who uses the rational choice model of voting behavior selects candidates for office based on Responses what is thought to be in the citizen's own self-interest what is thought to be in the citizen's own self-interest the label of the party running for office the label of the party running for office predictions of how a candidate will perform in the future predictions of how a candidate will perform in the future the recent performance of the candidates running for office

what is thought to be in the citizen's own self-interest

Which of the following scenarios is most closely related to the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) ? Responses A member of Congress establishes a political action committee to gain influence within the chamber. A member of Congress establishes a political action committee to gain influence within the chamber. A labor union spends millions of dollars to independently run negative advertisements about a presidential candidate shortly before the election. A labor union spends millions of dollars to independently run negative advertisements about a presidential candidate shortly before the election. A state senator receives a large cash donation from a corporate executive in exchange for specific political favors. A state senator receives a large cash donation from a corporate executive in exchange for specific political favors. A lobbyist writes the language of a bill that is later introduced into both chambers of Congress.

A labor union spends millions of dollars to independently run negative advertisements about a presidential candidate shortly before the election.

Which of the following criticisms of political campaigns is the author of the political cartoon most likely to agree with? Responses Political campaigns have not adequately adapted to the increase in social media usage in modern society. Political campaigns have not adequately adapted to the increase in social media usage in modern society. Rising campaign costs and intensive fund-raising efforts make running for office too expensive for the average citizen. Rising campaign costs and intensive fund-raising efforts make running for office too expensive for the average citizen. The duration of election cycles is too long. The duration of election cycles is too long. Candidates rely too heavily on professional consultants.

Candidates rely too heavily on professional consultants.

Which of the following best explains how political parties are likely to respond to the data in the chart? Responses Political parties are likely to continue to stand by their traditional positions and not bother to appeal to groups that have not previously been included in their base. Political parties are likely to continue to stand by their traditional positions and not bother to appeal to groups that have not previously been included in their base. Political parties will adapt their positions and find ways to appeal to voters from growing demographic groups. Political parties will adapt their positions and find ways to appeal to voters from growing demographic groups. Political parties will adapt by switching from candidate-centered campaigns to campaigns that strategically mobilize voters across the country with a consistent message. Political parties will adapt by switching from candidate-centered campaigns to campaigns that strategically mobilize voters across the country with a consistent message. Political parties will advocate for proportional representational systems so that groups with larger populations are able to win seats and be represented more fairly in government.

Political parties will adapt their positions and find ways to appeal to voters from growing demographic groups. Political parties will adapt their positions and find ways to appeal to voters from growing demographic groups

An important Senate race takes place in the state of Georgia. Rather than focus on the issue positions taken by the candidates, a 24-hour cable news station instead focuses primarily on poll results and campaign strategies using a "big board" to show the counties where each candidate has the most support. Which of the following is an effect of this type of new coverage? Responses The electorate will be increasingly divided along partisan lines. The electorate will be increasingly divided along partisan lines. The electorate will be more likely to turn out to vote on Election Day. The electorate will be more likely to turn out to vote on Election Day. The electorate will be more likely to have expanded knowledge of the electoral process. The electorate will be more likely to have expanded knowledge of the electoral process. The electorate will be less able to accurately compare the policy platforms of candidates running in the election.

The electorate will be less able to accurately compare the policy platforms of candidates running in the election.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the table above? Responses Latinos are fairly homogeneous in their party identification. Latinos are fairly homogeneous in their party identification. Latinos have become substantially more supportive of the Democratic Party than they were in the 1950s. Latinos have become substantially more supportive of the Democratic Party than they were in the 1950s. The majority of Latinos probably voted for Bill Clinton in 1992. The majority of Latinos probably voted for Bill Clinton in 1992. Latinos of Cuban descent are more supportive of the Republican Party than are Latinos of Mexican or Puerto Rican descent.

The majority of Latinos probably voted for Bill Clinton in 1992.

Considering all elections at all levels of government, which of the following best describes electoral behavior in the United States? Responses Primary elections tend to elicit a higher voter turnout than do general elections. Primary elections tend to elicit a higher voter turnout than do general elections. The majority of the electorate does not vote in most elections. The majority of the electorate does not vote in most elections. Voter turnout plays an insignificant role in election outcomes. Voter turnout plays an insignificant role in election outcomes. Adult citizens under the age of 30 tend to have the highest rate of voter turnout. Adult citizens under the age of 30 tend to have the highest rate of voter turnout. Voters with strong party identification vote less regularly than do independents.

The majority of the electorate does not vote in most elections.