A+P Lab Exam 2 - No Pictures

Radial tuberosity

- anchors biceps brachii muscle

Styloid process of radius

- anchors ligaments for the wrist - away from ulna

Trochlear notch of ulna

- articulates with trochlea of humerus, U bend

Capitulum of Humerus

- ball like, on greater tubercle side.

Coronoid process of ulna

- bottom of U.

Lateral epicondyle of Humerus

- bump on greater tubercle side

Appendicular Skeleton

Appendages

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Atlas

Internal Obl

Away from median

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

Axis

Secondary Curvature

Develop as head lifting and walking develop Cervical and Lumbar

Thoracic Vertebrae Giraffe Trick

Ears: Transverse Processes Horns: Suprauticular Processes Nose: Spinous Process

Ossification Zone

New bone forms

Origin

fixed attachment

How many ribs make up the rib cage?

24

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?

5

Aponeurosis

A broad, flat tendon

The sella turcica is best described as:

A depression

The humerus has ____ which allows for _____

A large and has a distinct rounded head, allowing for a great range of movement.

Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.

A projection on the mandible

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.

A shallow depression

Scapula "Fat Finger"

Acromion

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas - axis

The __________ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.

Axial

Osteon

Basic functional unit of compact bone

Identify the central portion of the sternum.

Body

Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra.

Body

Proliferation Zone

Cartilage cells undergo mitosis

Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch

Cheek

__________ bone looks smooth and homogeneous.

Compact

Vertebral Arch

Composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process. Junction of all posterior extensions from body

Lamellae

Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix

Scapula "Bent Little Finger"

Coracoid process

Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.

Cribriform plates

Abs Tire Trick

Deep to Superficial Transverse abdominus Internal Obl Rectus Abdominus External Obl

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.

Demi-facet

Lumbar Vertebrae Moose Trick

Ears: Transverse Processes Horns: Suprauticular Processes Nose: Spinous Process Beard- Infer articular Process

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?

Elongated spinous process

Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.

External auditory meatus

Which of the following categories is the best fit for the zygomatic arch?

Facial

T/F Cartilage has a covering made of dense connective tissue called a periosteum.

False

T/F Embryonic skeletons consist primarily of elastic cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone during development and growth.

False

T/F The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

False

T/F The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum.

False

T/F The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

False

T/F The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

False

Capitulum

Fits head of radius

__________ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.

Flat

Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.

Floor of the skull

Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Foramen magnum

Which of the following foramen convey a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

Foramen rotundum

Which of the following bones is unpaired?

Frontal

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.

Head

Axial Skeleton

Head to Pubis

Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.

In between the orbits

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

Inferior articular processes

Where is the mandibular fossa located?

Inferior surface of the zygomatic process

Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.

Infraorbital foramen

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?

Intervertebral discs

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?

Lacrimal bone

Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.

Lambdoid

Spongy Bone

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.

The femur is an example of a(n) __________ bone.

Long

Identify the skull bone that can move independent of head movement.

Mandible

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.

Mandibular condyle

Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?

Mandibular condyle

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.

Mandibular fossa

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.

Mandibular fossa

Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.

Mandibular notch

Calcification Zone

Matrix calcifies, cartilage cells die, matrix begind deteriorating, blood vessels invade cavity

Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?

Medial

Remembering the Seven Orbital Bones Trick

Medial to Lateral Frickin Make Larry Eat Spinach Zack (and palatine)

Antagonists

Muscle that opposes or reverses a movement

Prime Movers/Agonists

Muscles most responsible for producing a particular movement

Synergists

Muscles that aid the action of agonists

Fixators

Muscles that are specialized synergists. They mobilize the origin of a prime mover so all tension is exerted at the insertion

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?

Nasal

Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?

Nasal septum

Resting Zone

No growth occuring

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Occipital bone - atlas

Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.

Occipital condyles

Identify the occipital bone landmark that can not be palpated from the surface of the head.

Occipital condyles

Vertebral Foramen

Opening enclosed by the body and vertebra arch, passageway for spinal cord

Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.

Palatine bone

Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?

Palatine processes

Identify the bone that articulates superiorly with the temporal bone.

Parietal bone

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the nasal septum?

Perpendicular plate

Identify the location of the occipital bone.

Posterior surface and base of the cranium

Primary Curvature

Present at birth Thoracic and Sacral

Identify the primary function of the ethmoidal sinuses.

Reduce the weight of the skull

Circumferential Lamellae

Rings of hard calcified matrix found just beneath the periosteum and in the medullary cavity

Body/Centrum of a Vertebra

Rounded central portion of the vertebra which faces anteriorly in column

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

SER: Calcium on top of myofibril

Rotator Cuffs Trick

SITS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

Sacral

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.

Sagittal suture

Carpals - left hand in anatomical position, lateral to medial, proximal row then distal row:

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum/Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.

Sella turcica

Transverse Abdominus

Side to Side Most deep

Spinous Process

Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?

Sphenoid

Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane.

Spinous process

The mandible is not responsible for:

Structure of the palate

Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.

Styloid process

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar

Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.

The olfactory nerve (CN I)

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

Thoracic

Carpals Trick

Thumb to Pinkie Some Lovers Try Positions --------------- That They Can't Handle

External Obl

Toward median Most superficial

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.

Transverse costal facet

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

Transverse process

Rectus Abdominus

Up and Down

What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?

Xiphoid Process

Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic bone and temporal bone

Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic process

Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch

Zygomatic process

Supraspinous Fossa

above spine. Attachment for corresponding muscle.

Insertion of Trapezius

acromium, spinous process of scapula, lateral 3rd of clavicle

Coracoid Process

anchors biceps brachii muscle - bent little finger

Action of Pectoralis major

arm flexion, adduction, and medial rotation

Epimysium

around entire muscle

Perimysium

around fascicle

Endomysium

around/between pm of muscle fiber

Glenoid Cavity

articulates with head of humerus

Acromium

articulates with the clavicle

Less Tubercle of Humerus

attachment of rotator cuff muscle (subscapularis) - on front side, opposite of olecranon

Greater Tubercle of Humerus

attachment of rotator cuff muscles (teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus) -higher up

Deltiod Tuberosity of Humerus

attachment site for deltoid - on greater tubercle side, V shape, rough

Internal intercostals go

away from the median

The __________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column.

body

Vertebral foramen

canal through which the spinal cord passes

Origin of Pectoralis major

clavicle sternum cartilage of ribs 1-6 aponeurosis of external oblique

The head of a rib is where it

connects to the vertebra

Sarcomere

contractile unit of muscle fiber

The function of the neuromuscular junction is to ________.

convey a signal from the nervous system to skeletal muscle

Sarcoplasm

cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Insertion of Deltoid

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

The shaft of a long bone is known as the __________.

diaphysis

How do synergists aid actions of agonists?

either by assisting with same movement or decreasing undesirable/unnecessary movement

Each muscle cell is surrounded by thin connective tissue called the __________.

endomysium

Action of Trapezius

extend head; shrug shoulders

Action of Erector/extensor spinae

extends and rotates spine

Action of Latissimus dorsi

extends arm, medial rotation and adducts arm extension

This muscle is named for the direction of its fibers.

external oblique

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.

fibrocartilage

Where rib connects to cartilage is

flat

Action of Biceps brachii

flex forearm

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

flex neck, rotate and tilt head

Action of Rectus abdominus

flex vertebral column, sit ups

Insertion of Latissimus dorsi

floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action of Triceps brachii

forearm extensor; dips

This single bone of the skull underlies the area we commonly call the forehead.

frontal

Insertion of Occiptalis/Occipital belly of Epicranius

galea aponeurotica

Origin of Frontalis/Frontal belly of Epicranius

galea aponeurotica

The head of a radius resembles a

golf tee

This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum.

hyaline

What tissue type replaces periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?

hyaline cartilage

Hardness of Bone due to

inorganic calcium salts deposited in its ground substance

Insertion of Pectoralis major

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Origin of Latissimus dorsi

last 3 or 4 ribs, iliac crest, indirectly to spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae

Origin of Deltoid

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromium, spine of scapula

Origin of Triceps brachii

long head- glenoid cavity lateral head- posterior cavity medial head- distal radial groove on posterior humerus

An exaggerated curvature of this region of the vertebral column causes lordosis.

lumbar

Origin of Sternocleidomastoid

manubrium, medial portion of clavicle

Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

mastoid process, superior nuchal line

Origin of Palmaris longus

medial epicondyle of humerus

The ________ is the storage area for yellow marrow in an adult bone.

medullary cavity

When forming a fist, the knuckles are the

metacarpophalangeal joints

Insertion

moving part

Haversian Canal

one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves

Transverse foramen

only found in the cervical vertebrae and allow passage of the vertabral artery, vein, and nerve

Flexibility of Bone due to

organic elements, particularly collagen

The structural unit of compact bone is the __________.

osteon

Insertion of Palmaris longus

palmar aponeurosis, skin, fascia of palm

Which fibers are "stressed" (pulled upon) in periostitis?

perforating fibers

All of the following are short bones except ________.

phalanges

Sarcolemma

pm of muscle fiber

A _____ fits into a ______

process, fossa

Origin of Rectus abdominus

pubic crest and symphysis

Action of Occiptalis/Occipital belly of Epicranius

pulls scalp posterior

Insertion of Biceps brachii

radial tuberosity

The head of which bone is proximal to the elbow and distal to the wrist

radius

Action of Frontalis/Frontal belly of Epicranius

raise eyebrows

Action of Zygomaticus

raises corner of mouth; smile/laugh

The contractile unit of muscle is the __________.

sarcomere

Origin of Biceps brachii

short head- coracoid process, shoulder joint

An aponeurosis is ________.

similar to a tendon in function

Insertion of Zygomaticus

skin and muscle at corner of mouth

Insertion of Frontalis/Frontal belly of Epicranius

skin of eyebrows and root of nose

The __________, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

sternum

Tendons differ from ligaments in that ________.

tendons bind muscle to bone and ligaments bind bone to bone

Ulna is best identified by

the distinctive U-shaped notch made by the olecranon and coracoid

Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________.

the location of their origin and insertion

The radius' most distinctive feature is

the nearly perfectly round, flat-topped head

The anatomical name of the thumb is

the pollex

The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.

thoracic

This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.

thoracic

External intercostals go

toward the median

Origin of Erector/extensor spinae

transverse processes of cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest,

Insertion of Erector/extensor spinae

transverse processes of vertebrae about 6 segments above origin, mastoid process

The shape of this muscle gives it its name.

trapezius

This name reveals the number of the muscle's origins.

triceps brachii

coroNoid process

ulNa

Subscapular Fossa

under scapula. Attachment for corresponding muscle.

Action of Palmaris longus

wrist flexion

Insertion of Rectus abdominus

xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

Functions of the skeleton

-attachment for muscles -storage of lipids -site of red blood cell formation

Insertion of Triceps brachii

olecranon process of ulna

Origin of Zygomaticus

zygomatic bone

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?

12

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

7

Identify the part of the mandible that serves as a site of attachment for the temporalis muscle.

Coronoid process

Identify the landmark that serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.

Crista galli

Because the cells of skeletal muscle are relatively large and cylindrical in shape, they are also known as __________.

Fibers

This part of the rib articulates with the appropriate vertebra.

Head

Sphenoid Bone Bat Trick

Legs: Pterygoid Processes Wings: Greater wings Body: Sella turcica Ears: Lesser wings

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.

Lesser wings

Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.

Manubrium

Canaliculus

Minute channels extending from lacuna and connects adjacent lacunae

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital condyles

Hypertrophic Zone

Older cartilage cells enlarge

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?

T12

Triad

TC of one SR T Tubule TC of another SR

Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

Temporal process

T/F Skeletal muscle cells have more than one nucleus.

True

T/F The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.

True

T/F The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.

True

T/F The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

True

T/F The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

True

T/F The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.

True

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Tubercle

Terminal cisterns ________.

are made of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Action of Deltoid

arm abduction; swing arm

Infraspinous Fossa

below spine. Attachment for corresponding muscle

Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?

fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

Origin of Occiptalis/Occipital belly of Epicranius

occipital and temporal bones

Origin of Trapezius

occipital bone, spine of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae

Lacunae

occupied during life by a branched cell, termed an osteocyte

An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.

patella

coraCoid process

sCapula

The head of which bone is proximal to the wrist and distal to the elbow

ulna

Olecranon fossa of Humerus

- deep notch - holds ulna. Olecranon process of the ulna fits when the elbow is straightened

Trochlea of Humerus

- hourglass tipped on side.

Styloid process of ulna

- medial to the head, away from radius.

Coronoid fossa of Humerus

- notch above trochlea

Olecranon process of ulna

- top of U.

What true of skeletal muscle?

-It influences the body's contours and shape. -It provides a means of locomotion. -It enables you to manipulate your environment.