AP PSYCH FINAL

research suggests that ability to cope with stress in everyday situations is closely related to a person's

ability to predict and control potential stressors

the ability of the human visual system to barely detect a candle flame at a distance of about 30 miles on a clear, dark night is an example of

absolute thresh hold

stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system most frequently results in which of the following?

acceleration of the heart and breathing rate and dilation of pupils

a child believes that all birds can fly, yet comes to realize a penguin is a bird. which of the following terms was used by Piaget to refer to this development process of changing one's way of thinking in order to incorporate new information?

accommodation

which of the following lends the most support to the view that early explorers undertook their explorations to gain wealth and fame?

incentive theorists

long term potentiation is best described as the

increased efficiency of synaptic transmission

the 5 factor theory of personality does not include which of the following characteristics?

intelligence

which of the following is a measure of central tendency that is most influenced b extreme scores?

mean

the strongest support for the hereditary basis of personality comes from research techniques that use

measurements of behavioral similarities of identical twins reared apart

a person closes a window to shut out traffic noise. the reduction in noise leads the person to close the window every day. this is an example of

negative reinforcement

a researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participation to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. p= .05 the independent variable is

noise level

Dan always returns after leaving home to see if he locked his door. an example of

obsessive-compulsive disorder

an example of an episodic memory is the memory of

one's high school graduation

a researcher asks a young child what she did yesterday. the child replies, " i goed to the park." this is best described as an example of

over-regularization and grammar rules

which is the following did Alfred Adler suggest is the primary driving force in the development of personality?

overcoming the inferiority complex

Client: I've been feeling really worthless like i never do anything right. therapist: i guess you feel that way a lot, don't you? which of the following types of therapy would likely to involve in the exchange above?

person-centered therapy

which gland of the endocrine system control the activity of the other glands

pituitary

computer generated color images of the brain provide information about glucose metabolism are produced by which of the following techniques?

positron-emission tommography (PET)

which of the following correlation coefficients most likely represents the relationship between the length of sleep deprivation and level of alertness

-.04

according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must first be met before belongingness and love become important?

1 and 4 only

Ben normally sleeps from 10 to 7. in which of the following time periods would he experience the least amount of REM sleep?

10 to 11

in a normal distribution, approximately what percent of the scores occur within one standard deviation above and below the mean?

68

in a normal distribution, approximately what percent of the score occur within one standard deviation above and below the mean?

68%

which psychologist is closely associated with Cognitive Therapists

Aaron Beck

which psychologist is closely associated with Humanistic Psychology? (hierarchy of needs)

Abraham Maslow

which psychologist is closely associated with behavioral psychology? (Observational learning- Bobo doll)

Albert Bandura

which classic study forms the basis for social learning?

Albert Bandura (Bobo doll)

which psychologist is closely associated with the IQ test?

Alfred Binet

which psychologist is closely associated with behavioral psychology (operant conditioning- rats, pigeons)

B.F. Skinner

which psychologist is closely associated with humanistic psychology? (unconditional positive regard)

Carl Rogers

in the treatment of patients, which of the following psychologists made no attempt to offer formal diagnosis, advice, or interpretation of patients' unconscious motives?

Carl Rogers?

which psychologist is closely associated with intelligence testing (WAIS & WISC)

David Wechsler

which psychologists is closely associated with Stages of Psycho-social Development?

Erik Erkison

which psychologist is closely associated with Psychoanalysis (inkblot)

Hermann Rorschach

a therapist who uses systematic desensitization to help a child overcome a white rabbit phobia will probably begin treatment by

Hierarchy of fear or progressive relaxation

which psychologist is closely associated with Personality Inventory?

Isabel Myers

which psychologist is closely associated with behavioral psychology?(classical conditioning- dogs)

Ivan Pavlov

which psychologist is closely associated with developmental psychology? (stages of cognitive development)

Jean Piaget

which psychologist is closely associated with Pioneer of Behavioral Psychology ( little Albert)

John Watson

classical conditioning is most efficient when the unconditioned stimulus

immediately follows the conditioned stimulus

which psychologist is closely associated with developmental psychology? (Moral stages of development)

Lawrence Kohlberg

which psychologist is closely associated with language development?

Noam Chomsky

which psychologist is closely related with social psychology? (Sanford Prison experiment)

Philip Zimbardo

which psychologist is closely associated with psychoanalysis (dream interpretation, id, superego)

Sigmund Freud

which psychologist is closely associated with social psychology (conformists test- lines)

Solomon Asch

which psychologist is closely associated with Obedience Experiment (electric shock)

Stanley Milgram

a researcher shows a picture to a volunteer; the picture features and woman in the foreground and an old man in the background. the volunteer is asked to "tell a story" about the picture. the researcher assumes that the volunteer will project his own unconscious feelings into the story he tells. this is an example of which of the following tests?

TAT

which psychologist is closely associated with First Psychology Lab Experiments?

William Wundt

which of the following is the best example of of social inhibition?

a person who is a poor bowler begins to bowl even worse than usual when several friends are watching

which of the following best describes the representatives heuristic?

an estimate of the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a typical example

Noam Chomsky hypothesized that humans learn language through

an innate language acquisition device

Kevin laughs when others are injured by his thoughtless pranks and shows little regard for the feelings or well-being of others. he has been in trouble with the police and other authority figures a number of times. Which of the following would best describe Kevin's behavior?

antisocial personality disorder

which of the following best represents a humanistic explanation for anxiety disorder?

anxiety results when an individual experiences a gap between his ideal self and his real self

maturation differs from learning in that developmental changes due to maturation

are relatively independent of environmental factors

of the following, which theory of motivation emphasizes the urge fro an optimal level of stimulation?

arousal

a mother gives her child an orange for the first time. the child thinks it is a ball. which of the following Piagetian processes would account for this behavior?

assimilation

aversion therapy to eliminate undesirable behaviors is most likely to be used by which of the following types of therapists

behavioral

the school psychologist observes Johnny in class, noting the number of times he disturbs the class. He then instructs the teacher to ignore him when he misbehaves. this method of handling Johnny is an example of which of the following psychological approaches?

behavioral

the quotation below is consistent with the views of which of the following schools of psychology?

behaviorism

Rhonda sometimes experiences periods of major depression. at other times, she is extremely talkative and active, goes days without sleeping, and reports that her thoughts are racing. the most likely diagnosis of Rhonda's condition is

bipolar disorder

the semicircular canals located in the inner ear, provide important information about the

body's posture and head position

the DSM-IV-TR includes which of the following?

classification and diagnosis of each type of mental disorder

janet believes her brother Ralph is depressed; which of the following theories comes closest to describing Janet's orientation to abnormal behavior

cognitive

tension from an inconsistency between an individual's attitude and behavior is

cognitive dissonance

the Schachter- Singer theory of emotion includes a component not discussed in the James-Lange theory. What is the component?

cognitive labeling

a therapist who helps a client replace irrational thoughts, with alternative patterns of thinking is using which of the following techniques?

cognitive restructuring

a group of students perceived a stationary point of light in a dark room as a moving object. when asked later how far the light has moved, their response increased in similarity as they heard each other's estimates. this outcome was a demonstration of

conformity

which of the following is the LEAST likely to be used in research on personality?

conservation tasks

a bundle of nerve fibers that interconnects the two brain hemispheres is the

corpus callosum

although it can produce undesirable side effects, ECT therapy has been shown to be most effective in the treatment of

depression

of the following, which is the best example of divergent thinking in problem-solving?

devising as many solutions as possible?

a person who is fearful of rattlesnakes but not garden snakes is exhibiting

discrimination learning

a person leaves her current home, moves, takes on a new identity, and has little memory of her former life. according to the DSM-IV-TR which of the following diagnosis is most appropriate?

dissociative fugue

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is highly correlated with which of the following?

dreams

the common tendency to assume that the beliefs, values, attitudes, or actions of one's own group are superior to those of other groups is called

ethnocentrism

which of the following is the phase of Han's Selye's general adaption syndrome wherein individuals are most vulnerable to illness, collapse, and even death?

exhaustion

a researcher conducts an experiment to test the claim that a new drug Y is more effective than the standard X drug in inhibiting arousal.

experimental group

a child has learned that her grandparents ignore rather than reward her tantrums. which of the following operant principles are the grandparents using to control the child's behavior?

extinction

a 52 year old woman notices a decrease in her ability to solve unfamiliar problems quickly and to form new concepts, although she still feels confident in recalling information. this is most likely due to a decline in

fluid intelligence

a young couple was having a picnic outdoors when a sudden rainstorm approached. they became soaked, because they did not think of using their plastic tablecloth for protection from the rain. their oversight best illustrates

functional fixedness

a researcher gave identical puzzles to 5 year old children in two groups. group a and b

group a did not work as hard or as well

when members of a group who tend to agree on an issue become more extreme in their opinion after the issue is discussed, which of the following has taken place?

group polarization

the section of the brain considered most vital to the initiation of feeding behaviors is the

hypothalamus

a researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participation to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. the researcher subsequently compares the two group's test scores using a t-test and concludes p=.05 what is the dependent variable

problem solving test scores

which of the following prescription drugs works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin?

prozac

Dr. Williams is a therapist who believes that his client's depression is caused by internal anger and other conflicts. which perspective is he most likely proponent?

psychoanalytic

the frustration-aggression hypothesis views aggression as

reactive

a movie-goer who cannot identity the name of the film star remembers the name when a friend reviews a list of stars. the incident illustrates which 2 concepts in human memory?

recall and recognition

in an emergency situation, the adrenal glands secrete hormones that cause all of the following except

reduced mood swings

which of the following is true about rods and cones?

rods facilitate black and white vision and cones facilitate color vision

Jamal receives a full scale IQ score of 125 on the Stanford scales. this score indicates that he

scored more than one standard deviation above the mean of the test

most professionals from the US rate themselves better in performance than competence than their average peer. this is an example of

self-serving bias

after constant exposure to a stimulus, our nerve cells fire less frequently. this can be explained by which of the following

sensory adaption

according to Erik Erikson's theory of development the key concern of early adulthood is

sharing intimacy with another

when Stanley Milgram asked psychiatrists to predict how far participants would go in administering shock in his original demonstration on obedience to authority, the psychiatrists

significantly underestimated the level

the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguishing condition response is called

spontaneous recovery

in "Baby X" studies, researchers alternately dressed an infant in typical boy's or girl's clothing. adults who were asked to play with the infant treated the baby in boy's clothing in a generally rougher manner than when asked to play with the same infant dressed in girl's clothing. this behavior is a result of

stereotyping

the experience of an emotion, as described by the James-Lange theory, would follow which order?

stimulus, arousal, emotion

in neurons, neurotransmitters are released at the

synaptic vesicles

which of the following is a hormone that is most directly related to human sex drive?

testosterone

a researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participation to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. p= .05 the researcher's conclusion that p= .05 most likely indicates

that the difference between the two groups is statistically significant

gender typing is best described as

the acquisition of the roles associated with distinctions between the male and female

the news of a plane crash causes a couple to cancel their plane reservation and drive 1,000 miles in their car instead, even though they know that fatal automobile accidents are much more common than airplane accidents. the couple's decision mainly involves

the availability heuristic

the validity of a personality test is best indicated by which of the following?

the correlation between test scores and some other relevant measure

a market researcher is interested in ascertaining which of two possible packages is more likely to entice buyers to purchase a new brand of cookies. In this study, which of the following pairs represents the independent and dependent variables respectively?

the different types of packages

Jessie and a friend are driving in rush-hour traffic when a car suddenly cuts in front of them in order to reach an unmarked exit ramp. Jessie's passenger points out the circumstances may have required the other driver to do so, while Jessie loudly criticizes the qualities of the other driver. Jessie's response is best explained by

the fundamental attribution error

according to Lawrence Kohlberg, children at the first level of moral reasoning make judgments about right and wrong on the basis of

the likelihood of punishment

the process of remembering several pieces of information by mentally associating an image of each with different location is a mnemonic device known as

the method of loci

the gate control theory attempts to explain how

the nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain

Dr. Lewis decided to study the television viewing habits of her students and therefore demanded that they complete and return a survey regarding their viewing habits. which of the following ethical principles was clearly violated?

the right to refuse to participate in the study

2 groups of participants in a study are presented a list of 20 words.

the second group will recall more words than the first

which of the following is true of individuals who experience severe withdrawal symptoms when they abruptly stop using a drug that they have been taking for a long time?

they are physically dependent on the drug

which of the following is generally true of the participants in Lewis Terman's longitudinal study of the intellectually gifted children

they led happy and fulfilling lives

which of the following is true of persons with schizophrenia?

they typically experience onset in late adolescence or early adulthood

Kiesha recently lost the sight in her left eye. in which of the following situations would she not able to judge depth?

watching two different people approach from different distances