ap psych review

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

The Barnum effect in psychological assessment refers to

the tendency of individuals to accept vague personality descriptions as accurate

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

Broca's area

Which of the following structures is most closely associated with communication between the central nervous system and the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system?

It regulates levels of arousal.

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?

The terminal buttons

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?

hammer, anvil, and stirrup

In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are

more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

The first area of psychology to be studied as a science is known as

psychophysics

After listening to a radio station play the same set of songs every three hours, Ivan grows to like them. Ivan's reaction can be best explained by

the mere exposure effect

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?

An all-or-none response

During her psychotherapy sessions, Justine finds that her therapist often paraphrases what she has said, asks for clarification, and seems to understand her feelings. The therapist's approach is most consistent with that of

Carl Rogers

Which of the following psychological approaches suggests that jealousy might serve an adaptive function in protecting a sexual relationship from threats?

Evolutionary

Steve's cat used to run away from loud music. Over time the cat stopped running away from the sound. Which of the following processes has occurred?

Habituation

According to social psychologists, which of the following characteristics makes two people LEAST likely to develop a lasting romantic relationship?

Having very different personalities

Janie is successful with word games that require her to create words out of a series of letters. Which of the following combinations most likely contributes to her success?

Linguistic intelligence and heuristics

Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?

MRI

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

PET scan

Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?

Random assignment

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?

Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception?

Retinal disparity

Which of the following describes the correct order of information processing in vision?

Rods and cones→bipolar cells→ganglion cells→optic nerve

Which of the following is most likely to be used as evidence against the concept of g ?

Savant syndrome

Which of the following is NOT a product of learning?

Squinting in bright light

Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear?

Sympathetic

Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?

The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia, which of the following is true of a person with a genetic predisposition for developing schizophrenia?

The person has an increased likelihood of developing the disorder during a period of major life changes.

practical intelligence sternberg

ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice

the phi phenomenon

an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?

computerized zcial tomography

cerebellum

controls fine motor skill like balance. recieves messages involved w vestibular sense.

Samuel became ill after eating pepperoni pizza and refuses to eat it now. However, he still enjoys plain pizza. Samuel's eating behavior illustrates

discrimination

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?

eardrum

A subliminal stimulus is a stimulus that

falls below the threshold for conscious detection

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the

limbic system

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla

When viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called

motion paralax

The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called

natural Selection

Because he is afraid of public speaking, Scott withdraws from a class that requires an oral presentation and enrolls in another class without a presentation requirement. He continues the pattern, switching classes each semester to avoid giving presentations. Scott's behavior has been

negatively reinforced

The fovea has the greatest visual acuity in bright light primarily because the fovea is

only made up of cones

After Sharon stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time, she looks at a white surface and sees a red patch of color. This perceptual phenomenon is best explained by

opponent-process theory

more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

retina

A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing in depth?

retinal disparity

The right occipital lobe receives visual information from the

right half of both retinas

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

selective attention

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

self-examination of mental processes

After spending hours in her kitchen preparing dinner, Rebecca no longer notices the strong smell of garlic until her guests arrive and mention the smell. Her failure to notice the smell of garlic illustrates

sensory adaptation

As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of

size constancy

It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when

they want to be able to replicate the experiment

Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in

understanding language