AP Psychology Module 22, 23, 24, 25

NREM-2 (stage 2)

20 minutes, periodic sleep spindles

How much of an average night's sleep do we spend in REM?

20 to 25%

circadian rythym

24 hour cycle of day and night

how many stages of sleep are there in a cycle?

4

How long does a full sleep cycle last?

90 minutes

What diseases is medical marijuana used for?

AIDS, glaucoma, cancer

Alcohol Use disorder

Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

What do most psychologists believe about his dream theories today?

Do not believe it

what machine do they use to study sleep?

EEG

What are some of the effects of getting too little sleep?

Falling asleep in class, no energy, weight gain

Who is responsible for this theory that we dream to satisfy our wishes?

Freud

What 4 substance use disorders must you meet to be diagnosed with substance use disorder?

Impaired Control, Social Impairment, Risky Use, Drug Action

What are the nicknames for synthetic marijuana?

K2 or spice

During what stage does sleepwalking happen?

NREM-3

During what stage of sleep do night terrors happen?

NREM-3

Is alcohol a stimulant in small doses?

No

What happens if you deprive yourself of REM sleep for many days in a row?

REM Rebound- REM sleep increases if you are deprived of it

Do you think sleep deprivation has had any effect on you?

Yes, I am sleep deprived right now as I am writing this at 1AM. In fact, today I took a math test and since I was so sleep deprived I got something wrong that I should have gotten right.

Psychoactive Drugs

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.

Cocaine

a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

LSD

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

Methamphetamine

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, w speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Nicotine

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

Marijuana (THC)

addictive bc of THC, triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

How much do most adults sleep a night?

adults sleep no more than one third (8 hours)

What 2 things can change our circadian rhythm?

age and experience

Manifest Content

apparent and remembered story line

NREM-1 (stage 1)

brief, experience fantastic images resembling hallucinations

sleep spindles

bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity

Who do night terror usually affect?

children

Addiction

compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences

Substance Use Disorder

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/ or physical risk

list 5 examples of state of mind

day dreaming, drowsiness, dreaming, sensory deprivation, hypnosiss

What is the difference between daydreams and REM dreams?

daydreams= familiar details in life REM dreams= hallucinations, vivid, emotional

NREM-3 (stage 3 and 4)

deep sleep, slow-wave, 30 minutes, brain emits large, slow delta waves and it is hard to wake you up

What effect does alcohol have on memory?

disrupts memory formation

What neurotransmitters does meth trigger?

dopamine

What neurotransmitters are effected by cocaine?

dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine

Barbiturates

drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Stimulants

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Depressants

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Amphetamines

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

What do people use stimulants for?

energy

hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

What makes insomnia worse?

fretting about insomnia

What is the cause of narcolepsy?

genes/ absence of hypothalamic neural center

What is the long term price of opiates?

gnawing craving for another fix, discomfort with withdrawal, need for larger doses

What are some of the effects of Marijuana?

hallucinations, amplified sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes, and smells, relaxes people

REM Sleep Characteristics

hour after you fall asleep, go back into NREM-2, 10 minutes your waves become rapid and saw-toothed, heart rate rises, breathing becomes rapid and irregular, dreams

What effect does expectancy have on drinking?

if people think they have been drinking they will behave differently

What is the effect of a large dose of barbiturates?

impair memory and judgement

what happens to NREM-3 sleep as the night goes on?

it grows shorter and eventually disappears

List 5 reasons that sleep may have evolved

modern lighting, shift work, social media, bright light, school work all push circadian rhythm out of wack

Ex of opiates

morphine and heroin

What are the causes/ warning signs of sleep apnea?

obesity, loud snoring, high blood pressure

Opiates

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, lessen pain and anxiety

Remember from the brain chapter- what are opiates used for?

pain relief

When you take an opiate, what does your brain stop producing?

painkilling neurotransmitters

Sleep

periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

Hallucinogens

psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

REM Sleep

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.

How does alcohol effect your self control?

reduces it

What are quick fixes to insomnia?

sleeping pills and alcohol, but they make the problem worse

What does it mean that alcohol is a disinhibitor?

slow brain activity that controls judgement and inhibitions

Why, biologically, does alcohol relax the drinker?

slows neural processing

Ecstasy (MDMA)

synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-prod1ucing neurons and to mood and cognition

Tolerance

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the effect

Withdrawal

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

delta waves

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Alpha Waves

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

A drug's overall effect depends on what two things?

tolerance, addiction

What does ecstasy do to your brain?

triggers dopamine release

How much do newborns sleep per night?

two-thirds of their day (16 hours)

Latent Content

unconscious drives and wishes that would be threatening if expressed directly

What are barbiturates commonly used for?

used as tranquilizers

What can happen to sensory stimuli that occur while you sleep?

woven into dream